Kermes oak - Quercus coccifera (Care, Characteristics, Distribution, Images)

Kermes oak

Also known as: Berry-bearing oak, Grain oak

Kermes oak (Quercus coccifera) is a Mediterranean evergreen oak species, which grows as a shrub or a small tree. The small leaves are leathery and shiny, with spiked edges, looking a bit like common holly. Historically, it was important as a food source for the scale insect kermes, which was used to make crimson red dye.

Scientific classification

Species

Kermes oak (Quercus coccifera)

Beeches, walnuts, and allied trees

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Perennial

Lifespan

Shrub

Plant Type

Spring

Bloom Time

All year round

Harvest Time

2 m

Plant Height

4 m

Spread

Green

Leaf Color

Yellow, Green, Brown

Flower Color

Images of Kermes oak

Distribution of Kermes oak

Distribution Map

Kermes oak is an oak species primarily native to the Mediterranean region, spanning Southern Europe, Northern Africa, and Western Asia. It thrives in these warm temperate climates. While naturally occurring in its native range, kermes oak is also cultivated outside these areas in similar climatic conditions, allowing it to spread beyond its original habitat.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Introduced

No species reported

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Habitat

Dry places on limestone and siliceous rocks

Hemisphere Trend Curve

Northern

Sorthern

Toxicity

Kermes oak contains tannins, making all its parts mildly toxic to humans, cats, and dogs. Symptoms of ingestion include gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, and vomiting. Immediate veterinary care is crucial for pets showing symptoms after contact. Caution is advised to prevent accidental ingestion in environments with kermes oak presence. Seek prompt medical attention if poisoning occurs. Kermes oak can also cause skin irritation in dogs.

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Care Guide for Kermes oak

Every 2-3 weeks

Water

Full sun

Sunlight

5 - 35 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Garden Soil

Soil Type

Water: Kermes oak, originating from the Mediterranean, thrives in dry, low-water environments with excellent drought tolerance. Watering should occur every 2-3 weeks to mimic its natural habitat, and as an evergreen, it requires consistent, minimal watering year-round, even in cooler months.

Fertilize: For kermes oak, use balanced nutrition fertilizers during the growing season for health. Apply high nitrogen fertilizers in spring and a lighter dose in fall. Avoid over-fertilization, especially with young or mature kermes oak. Cease fertilization in winter and incorporate fertilizers properly into the soil for best results.

Pruning: Kermes oak, with its dense, spiny foliage, thrives with structured pruning from early to late winter. This practice enhances air circulation, sunlight penetration, and healthy growth by removing dead or damaged branches, while minimizing stress during the dormant season and reducing pest and disease risks.

Propagation: Kermes oak is a resilient evergreen shrub from Mediterranean regions. Propagation involves sowing seeds that need stratification for dormancy. Healthier seeds yield better results; plant in well-draining soil and provide adequate light and water for vigorous growth. Once established, it requires minimal care.

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