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Northern red oak
Arguably the most popular hardwood in the US, lumber from northern red oak (Quercus rubra) is used for cabinets, flooring, veneers, trim, and more. When growing, the tree reaches a height of 15 to 23 m. The foliage on this tree is stunning, with dark green leaves in summer giving way to brilliant red in the fall.
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Toxic to Humans
Toxicity
Perennial
Lifespan
Tree
Plant Type
Spring
Bloom Time
Mid fall
Harvest Time
15 m to 28 m
Plant Height
15 m to 21 m
Spread
Green, Red, Brown, Yellow
Leaf Color
2.5 cm
Flower Size
Brown, Green
Fruit Color
Yellow, Green
Flower Color
Green
Stem Color
Winter dormancy
Dormancy
Deciduous
Leaf type
5 - 35 ℃
Ideal Temperature

Images of Northern red oak

Attributes of Northern red oak

Growth Rate
The Northern red oak (Quercus rubra) exhibits a moderate growth rate during Spring and Summer, characterized by steady increases in height and leaf expansion. The tree’s moderate speed of growth allows it to allocate energy efficiently, ensuring robust growth and development. This growth rhythm manifests through the gradual thickening of its trunk, steady expansion of foliage, and incremental increases in overall height. This scale of growth is in stark contrast to faster-growing species, distinguishing Quercus rubra’s unique adaptability to a range of environmental conditions.

Distribution of Northern red oak

Distribution Map
Northern red oak's native region is North America, where it prefers dry, hilly woodlands in various soil types with good drainage. It has been introduced to most European countries, and New Zealand, as an ornamental, and is an important lumber source in its native range.
Native
Cultivated
Invasive
Introduced
No species reported
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Habitat
Dry or upland woods, protected ravines, sheltered slopes
Hemisphere Trend Curve

Culture

Environmental Protection Value
Northern red oak can be used in ground cover restoration.
Economic Value
Wood can be used in valuable furniture manufacturing.
Garden Use
The northern red oak is prized as a shade tree and as a specimen for its excellent orange, red, and brown fall colors. It's a good choice for sloping ground, and is adaptable to butterfly, edible, native, nighttime, and pollinator gardens. Companion plantings for the northern red oak commonly include Magnolia, Snowberry, and Burning Bush.
Symbolism
Longevity, strength
Interesting Facts
In a mountain village in Shaanxi province, China, there is a northern red oak. It is already 500 years old. It is a nationally listed and protected ancient tree. This strange-looking tree has numerous unique shapes and strange knots at the junction of its branches. Some look like it has five human heads, and some look like a charmingly naive arhat.
Name Story
Northern red oak: On a late autumn evening, it is hard to tell whether the view of crimson comes from the sunset or this tree. It is almost as if its red leaves are behaving like the warm sun, illuminating people's hearts and bringing warmth to its surrounding. Also, its bark is red like its leaves and it gets darker as it ages. To distinguish them from Quercus falcata, which is also known as the southern red oak, the tree is called the Northern red oak.
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Toxicity

Northern red oak is slightly toxic and can cause symptoms through ingestion of its leaves and acorns containing tannins. Children, cats, and dogs are particularly vulnerable, with symptoms like gastrointestinal upset and excessive thirst. Prompt veterinary care is essential if pets consume high amounts. Families should prevent access to this plant to safeguard health.
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RELATED: Toxicity of Northern red oak

Quickly Identify Northern red oak

1
Large lobed leaves, 8-12 inches (20-30 cm) long with contrasting green and grayish-white undersides.
2
Distinctive scaly bark ranging from dark gray to light gray, with reddish inner bark visible.
3
Smooth acorns, 0.75-1.5 inches (2-4 cm) in length, with a broad cap covering one-quarter.
4
Male flowers in drooping yellowish-green catkins, 2-4 inches (5-10 cm) long, on the same tree as female flowers.
5
Buds on twigs are 1/4-inch (6.35 mm) long, reddish-brown, with hairy or smooth tips for identification.
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Care Guide for Northern red oak

Every 1-2 weeks
Water
Full sun
Sunlight
5 - 35 ℃
Ideal Temperature
Water: Originating from well-drained forests, northern red oak thrives in moderate climates with consistent soil moisture. Watering every 1-2 weeks supports its health. Commonly grown outdoors, this impressive deciduous tree responds to seasonal rainfall by shedding leaves in cooler temperatures and low water conditions.
Fertilize: For northern red oak, use balanced fertilizers to boost growth, transitioning to high nitrogen in early stages. Apply in spring and fall, adhering to label rates. Newer trees need more frequent feeding, while established ones require less. Apply at the drip line, avoiding root burn and adjusting for seasonal needs.
Pruning: Northern red oak thrives with early spring pruning, focusing on removing dead, diseased, or crossing branches. This practice enhances air circulation, promotes growth, and maintains tree structure. Clean cuts near the branch collar aid healing, resulting in a healthier and more attractive tree.
Propagation: Northern red oak propagates via hardwood cuttings, layering, and seeds in autumn and winter. The propagation is easy, indicated by new roots and shoots. Utilizing bottom heat and misting enhances successful growth.
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