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Coltsfoot
Also known as: Coughwort, Son-before-father
Coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara) is a weedy member of the daisy family that has been historically used by indigenous peoples. It forms expansive root systems, making an infestation very hard to eradicate. Coltsfoot is different among plants in that its above-ground shoots produce flowers before growing leaves.
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Toxic to Humans
Toxicity
Perennial
Lifespan
Herb
Plant Type
Spring
Bloom Time
Spring
Harvest Time
Brown
Fruit Color
Yellow, Gold
Flower Color
Purple
Stem Color
Winter dormancy
Dormancy
Deciduous
Leaf type
5 - 25 ℃
Ideal Temperature

Images of Coltsfoot

Distribution of Coltsfoot

Distribution Map
Coltsfoot is a plant with a widespread native presence across Europe and Asia. Its cultivation extends beyond these regions, having been introduced to other continents where it has adapted to local climates. In certain areas, coltsfoot is sometimes thought to be a benign presence, though it may have an impact on native ecosystems. This is particularly observed in regions where coltsfoot is not native and may compete with indigenous plant species. Recognized for its resilience, coltsfoot has found its place in various temperate habitats around the globe.
Native
Cultivated
Invasive
Introduced
No species reported
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Habitat
Damp habitats, alkaline clays, hedgebanks, roadsides, wasteland, dunes, shingle in coastal zones
Hemisphere Trend Curve

Culture

Symbolism
Love, Visions
Interesting Facts
With leaves the shape of a colt’s foot, the Tussilago farfara is a member of the aster family. With daisy-like flowers, the coltsfoot blossoms open during the day and close at night. This allows the flower to rest in the coolness of the night to conserve energy as it grows and blooms in the direct sun.
Name Story
Coltsfoot: Its dandelion-like flowers sprout before the foliage. The common name refers to the resemblance of the leaf to a colt's foot, so it is commonly called coltsfoot.
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Toxicity

Coltsfoot contains harmful alkaloids affecting internal organs. Children, cats, and dogs are vulnerable. Ingestion causes symptoms like gastrointestinal upset, respiratory issues, or skin irritation. Immediate veterinary care is crucial for pets. Prevention is key for cat and dog owners.
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RELATED: Toxicity of Coltsfoot

Weed Control

Coltsfoot originates from Europe and Asia. It is considered a weed due to its aggressive growth and ability to colonize a variety of habitats, making it a threat to other plant species. Coltsfoot rapidly reproduces through rhizomes and seeds, colonizing the area before other plants can compete. The plant's deep roots make it difficult to eradicate, often resprouting after attempts to remove it. Furthermore, coltsfoot can out-compete native plants, reducing biological diversity and potentially altering ecosystems. In gardens, coltsfoot is a nuisance as it suffocates other plants, depriving them of vital resources. When growing this plant, look out for its distinctive yellow flowers and broad leaves, which are typically the first signs of its presence. In terms of spreading, coltsfoot primarily disperses through wind-borne seeds, a feature that allows it to colonize distant areas swiftly. Thus, it is crucial to monitor and control its spread regularly.
How to Control It
To manage coltsfoot, it is crucial to intervene before it sets seed in early spring. Removing or controlling the plant at this stage prevents further spread as seeds can be dispersed by wind.
  1. Hand-pulling: Ensure to remove the entire root system to prevent regrowth. Do this when the soil is moist for easier removal.
  2. Mulching: Lay down a thick layer of organic material like straw or wood chips to suppress coltsfoot seedlings by blocking light.
  3. Mowing: Regularly cut down coltsfoot before it flowers to deplete its energy reserves and prevent seed formation.
  4. Dense planting: Grow competitive plants nearby to crowd out coltsfoot and limit its ability to establish.
  5. Boiling water: Pour directly onto the coltsfoot to kill the plant tissue without harming the surrounding environment.
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Care Guide for Coltsfoot

Every week
Water
Partial sun
Sunlight
5 - 25 ℃
Ideal Temperature
Water: Coltsfoot thrives in moist environments, preferring consistent soil moisture similar to its natural stream bank habitats. While moderately drought-tolerant, it flourishes with weekly watering. This herbaceous perennial benefits from natural rainfall during the growing season, supporting its hydration needs.
Fertilize: Coltsfoot thrives with balanced nutrition via diluted fertilizer every 4-6 weeks during spring/summer, reducing frequency in fall. Water before fertilizing to prevent root burn, adjust feeding based on response, and pause in winter. Consider slow-release granules for consistent nutrition.
Pruning: Coltsfoot features bright yellow flowers and should be pruned in early to late spring. Remove spent flowers and dead stems to promote growth, manage invasiveness, and enhance appearance. Use sharp, clean tools to avoid disease, ensuring timely pruning for optimal health and aesthetics.
Propagation: Coltsfoot propagates best through division in spring or autumn. It has a moderate difficulty level, with success indicated by new shoots and root growth. Ensuring regular watering and using well-draining soil are essential for effective propagation.
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