The pepper are commonly used for cooking in places such as the Southern U.S. and Central America. Most are moderately spicy, though because there are so many variants, the spice level can vary dramatically. Cayenne powder is also a popular seasoning product made from pepper plants.

Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) is an herbaceous perennial famous for its essential oils and mild scent. Its oils and extracts are widely used in perfume and beauty products, as well as household cleaning products. Lemon balm can be cultivated as an ornamental plant that also attracts honeybees. It has been grown and cultivated by humans since at least the 16th century.

The bush lily is a flowering green plant that grows best in woodland environments. It is native to South Africa. It gives off a fragrant scent, but is toxic and poisonous if eaten. In the wild, bush lily plants tend to grow together in clumps.

The polka dot begonia is definitely an eye-catcher in any gardens. Generally, it requires warm temperatures and enjoys a bright shade. Although the taste of polka dot begonia is sour, some people eat them, even though they can be toxic when consumed in large amounts.

Apricot (Prunus armeniaca) is a fruit-bearing plant species native to Asia. Although the genus name, "Prunus," means plum, the fruits of this tree are actually apricots. The seeds are occasionally used as substitutes for almonds because they share a similar shape and nutty taste. The apricot has been cultivated by humans for centuries, and was even discovered in the remains of ancient Armenian settlements.

Northern california black walnut (*Juglans hindsii*) is also called the northern california black walnut. The wood of this species is known as “Claro Walnut” and is used to manufacture fine furniture such as bookcases, tables, and cabinets.

Lemon is a cultivated small evergreen tree known for its yellow, juicy, sour fruits full of citric acid. Its origins are unknown, but it was probably first created in India, China, or Burma as a hybrid of sour orange (Citrus × aurantium) and citron (Citrus medica). It is commercial fruit cultivated in warm regions around the world.

The coastal plain willow (Salix caroliniana) is a willow species that can grow up to 6 m tall. Small yellow flowers erupt from pliable stems en masse during spring and attract various pollinating insects like butterflies and bees. The branches are beneficial in the construction of fencing, basketry, and other crafts. Coastal plain willow thrives in boggy areas and can tolerate some salt but not full inundation.

Sugar apple (Annona squamosa) is a deciduous tropical tree that can grow to be 3 to 6 m tall. It has small, pendulous flowers that bloom in spring and range in color from yellowish-green to white. The fragrant, sweet, juicy fruit ripens in late summer and early fall.

Mexican weeping pine, or Pinus patula, is native to Mexico. It is often planted for reforestation purposes. It is somewhat drought-tolerant. This tree can handle short dips of temperatures below freezing, but not for long periods of time.

The madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) is an evergreen subshrub or herbaceous plant. It has a long history of cultivation. Over the years, many cultivars have been developed, most commonly with the aim of incorporating new colors or making the plant more tolerant to cold.

Giant ragweed, a native plant to North America, is an allergy sufferer's nightmare. It causes dramatic allergic reactions in more than 23 million Americans annually. In spite of this, the wildflower is edible, and evidence suggests that Native Americans actually planted it as a crop and harvested the seeds for their oil. Giant ragweed can be invasive, however, and out-competes many native species. Modern horticulture practices recommend against planting it.

Florist kalanchoe (Kalanchoe blossfeldiana) originates from Madagascar and has been a popular houseplant since the 1930s. Unlike most other succulents that are grown for their interesting leaves, Kalanchoe blossfeldiana is valued for the colorful flowerheads it produces in autumn and winter. This is the reason it is commonly gifted during holidays, earning it another name - Christmas kalanchoe. It is toxic to pets.

The common sunflower is recognizable for its bright flower on a very tall stem. It is often grown in gardens. These flowers have been important in culture: they were worshipped by the ancient Inca people, and today, they represent eco-friendly movements. The artist Vincent van Gogh made a famous series of paintings about common sunflower. Wild versions of the plant branch out to many flower heads, but domesticated plants typically only have one.

Tradescantia pallida is an evergreen perennial trailing plant, colloquially known as purple heart. This beautiful perennial is famous for its spectacular deep purple, pointed leaves. Purple heart is a common houseplant, but it is also often used in landscaping as a bedding plant.

The seagrape is native to tropical coastal areas in America and the Caribbean. It has many uses, including dune erosion control and ornamental plantings. The sap has been used for dyes and the wood is occasionally used for furniture. On some beaches, the seagrape is planted to help block the light from nearby buildings so that sea turtles won't be distracted by it and go off course.

English ivy is the most common climber of European forests. It is a perennial woody vine with evergreen, dark, shiny lobed leaves. It utilizes aerial rootlets to attach to the tree bark with exceptional strength, helping the english ivy creep more than 15 m up a tree. Hedera helix also grows as a forest groundcover and is invasive outside its native range.

Nettle-leaved goosefoot is a common weed of fields and roadsides. The seeds are edible, and the shoots, stalks, and leaves can be eaten as greens. In writings from 1889, the author indicates that nettle-leaved goosefoot can be used in the same way as spinach. Because it is so easy to introduce, nettle-leaved goosefoot can be found nearly worldwide.

The garden croton is a showy tropical display that does well indoors or in warm climates. Known for its attractive foliage, this plant can have both color and structural variations in its leaves. Leaf colors can include orange, yellow, scarlet, white, and green, and many times all are present on one plant.

Japanese laurel is native only to Japan, and Korea, where it grows along streams and in moist woodland areas and thickets. It has been introduced sporadically in Europe, East Asia, and the US as a garden plant. It is considered invasive in Virginia.