European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) is a large deciduous tree featured in Norse mythology and Scottish folklore. European ash is native to mainland Europe. This species is susceptible to the disease Ash dieback which is caused by the fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. European ash often grows in basic soils on calcareous substrates.

False christmas cactus gets its name from its flowering season; producing red purple pink or white flowers from fall to winter. Native to a small coastal strip on the east of Brazil this cactus prefers the shade and humidity of jungle conditions. In the wild hummingbirds pollinate the flowers.

Sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) is a chestnut tree native to the southern region of Europe. The seeds of sweet chestnut are one of the most ancient foods. Sweet chestnut grows well in weathered soil at an acidic pH.

Aegopodium podagraria, commonly known as ground elder, is a herbaceous perennial native to Eurasia. Origin of its common name lies in the shape of its leaves and flowers, somewhat similar to elderberry. Ground elder is often cultivated as an ornamental plant. Due to its fast spread via rhizomes, it is considered an invasive species in certain countries.

Mexican marigold (Tagetes minuta) has become naturalized around the world ever since Spanish colonization. It needs full sun to flourish, and planting it around your garden will resist deer, yet attract butterflies and hummingbirds for you. People with sensitive skin should avoid touching it as its irritant sap can cause contact dermatitis.

As its common name suggests, meadowsweet is a sweet-smelling herb that often grows in meadows. It is a perennial in the rose family and is native to Europe, the British Isles, and western Asia, and has also been naturalized in parts of North America. Filipendula ulmaria has been used to create potpourris and to add flavor to beers, wines, and stews.

The Delphinium elatum is a beautiful ornamental plant, which includes cultivars 'Magic Fountains', 'Dwarf Pacific', 'New Millennium', 'Pacific giant', and 6 varieties of 'Aurora'. It was first referred to as its scientific name by the Greek botanist and physician Pedanius Dioscorides.

Summer snowflake (Leucojum aestivum) is a flowering plant species often grown in gardens. Summer snowflake can grow to be 35 to 60 cm tall, however some forms reach 90 cm. Summer snowflake is resistant to deer and rabbits.

Portuguese cherry laurel (Prunus lusitanica) is an evergreen tree that will make a beautiful low-growing hedge. It can grow from 91 to 610 cm tall if left untrimmed, but regular trimming once a year will keep it dense and neatly maintained. It blooms in spring with long clusters of tiny, fragrant white flowers. Thrives in full sun or partial shade in moist but well-drained soil.

Grape leaf anemone (Eriocapitella vitifolia) is an attractive flower that originated in the Himalayas. Though it is not quite commonly cultivated in the garden, its hybrid with Japanese anemone is a popular garden plant. It’s also called the grape-leafed windflower, because “Anemone” comes from the Greek word “Anemoi,” which means “winds.”

The garden croton is a showy tropical display that does well indoors or in warm climates. Known for its attractive foliage, this plant can have both color and structural variations in its leaves. Leaf colors can include orange, yellow, scarlet, white, and green, and many times all are present on one plant.

Marsh Cudweed (Gnaphalium uliginosum) is a diminutive annual wildflower. It was originally native to Europe but found its way to North America, becoming invasive and considered a noxious weed. It can overtake native foliage in small marshes, bogs, and wetlands. Marsh Cudweed has been added to the diets of some dairy cows to improve their digestion.

Painted-leaf begonia (Begonia rex) is a flowering perennial native to tropical climates in Central America and South America. Painted-leaf begonia is cultivated inside as a houseplant in temperate climates and grown outside in cooler climates.

Dwarf umbrella tree (*Schefflera arboricola*) is an evergreen, multi-stemmed shrub native to China. It is commonly grown as a houseplant or a garden plant in milder climates for its decorative palmate compound leaves. The leaves contain calcium oxalates, which can damage internal organs when ingested. It shouldn't be confused with the Australian umbrella tree, *Schefflera actinophylla*.

Yellow rocket is a biannual herb endemic to Europe. Saint Barbara, the patron saint of artillerymen and mining workers, inspired the name Barbarea. This plant's leaves are edible, whether raw or cooked. It also has a natural resistance to several bug species.

Great burnet, a perennial herb endemic to the Northern Hemisphere's cooler latitudes, is a vital feeding plant for European large blue butterflies. It is a lovely ornamental plant that works well in herb and meadow gardens. Young leaves are harvested for eating.

Maize (Zea mays) is a well known domesticated cereal grain first domesticated in Mexico. In much of the world it is also called corn. Worldwide cultivation of maize surpasses other prominent grains like wheat and rice. Maize must be planted in the spring due to its intolerance for cold weather.

Butter-and-eggs (Linaria vulgaris) is a flowering toadflax species native to Europe and Central Asia. The plant gets its unusual nickname from the yellow color of its flowers. The butter-and-eggs is mildly toxic for livestock to consume. Because of the curved, semi-closed shape of its flowers, it needs strong pollinators like bumblebees.

Hottentot fig (Carpobrotus edulis) is a ground-creeper native to South Africa. Hottentot fig is also sometimes called the highway ice plant, the pigface, and the sour fig. This species is pollinated by honey bees, carpenter bees, and beetles. Antelope and baboons are fond of eating hottentot fig flowers. This species is considered invasive in California and Australia. Hottentot fig has edible leaves and fruit, which can be made into a tart jam.

Common ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius) is a plant species most commonly found in the eastern United States. Common ninebark is generally planted for erosion control and ornamental purposes. Several cultivars, such as Dart's Gold and Diabolo, have received the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.