European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) is a large deciduous tree featured in Norse mythology and Scottish folklore. European ash is native to mainland Europe. This species is susceptible to the disease Ash dieback which is caused by the fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. European ash often grows in basic soils on calcareous substrates.
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Toxic to Humans
Toxicity
Perennial
Lifespan
Tree
Plant Type
Spring
Bloom Time
Fall
Harvest Time
12 m to 30 m
Plant Height
20 m
Spread
Green, Yellow
Leaf Color
2.5 cm
Flower Size
Green
Fruit Color
Green, Purple, Yellow
Flower Color
Brown, Green, Yellow
Stem Color
Winter dormancy
Dormancy
Deciduous
Leaf type
5 - 35 ℃
Ideal Temperature
On This Page
Images
Distribution
Culture
Cultivars
Care Guide
FAQs
Common Diseases
Images of European ash
Distribution of European ash
Distribution Map
European ash is a tree native to the temperate regions of Europe and parts of Western Asia. Beyond its native range, european ash has been introduced and is now cultivated in temperate parts of the Southern Hemisphere.
Native
Cultivated
Invasive
Introduced
No species reported
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Habitat
Woodland garden canopy, bog garden
Hemisphere Trend Curve
Northern
Sorthern
Flowering
Fruiting
Culture
Garden Use
European ash is an ornamental street tree often used to brighten city sidewalks and various landscapes. Small, urban gardens are suitable settings for this decorative tree. The deepening colors of the lush foliage in the fall, and interesting bark make this tree an attractive specimen in landscapes and small gardens.
Symbolism
Grandeur
Interesting Facts
According to Norse mythology, the ash was regarded as the “Tree of Life,” having given birth to the very first man. Druids consider the ash to be sacred, and smoke from the wood is said to repel evil spirits. The timber’s straight grain made it suitable for wands.
Name Story
Common ash: In Old English, the word æsc meant tree, and came to refer to the european ash. The scientific name Fraxinus comes either from the Greek work for hedge (“phraxis”) or the Latin word for “lightning” (fraxinus). Because it is such a tall tree, it would act as a lightning conductor. Excelsior can be translated as the motto “Ever upward.”
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Cultivars
There are several recognized cultivars of European ash, including the following common varieties :
Water:
European ash thrives in balanced moisture conditions and requires watering every 1-2 weeks. Originating from regions with moderate rainfall, adjust irrigation based on seasonal changes and rainfall, especially when grown outdoors in temperate climates, to prevent waterlogging.
Fertilize:
For european ash, optimal fertilization involves a spring application of balanced fertilizer for lush foliage. High-nitrogen fertilizers during active growth should be applied biannually, with precautions against root burn. Thorough watering post-application and avoiding stem contact ensure robust development for all care levels.
Pruning:
European ash, a dominant European tree, thrives with proper pruning techniques such as crown thinning and removing dead wood. Best done in early spring, this practice improves air circulation, reduces disease risk, and enhances structure. Always disinfect tools for clean cuts and faster healing.
Propagation:
European ash is a deciduous tree notable for its winged fruits. Propagation is achieved through softwood cuttings, ideally with one leaf node set, rooted in a moist, soilless medium. Using a rooting hormone and providing protection from extreme conditions aids in successful establishment.
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