Black cohosh (Actaea racemosa)

Black cohosh

Also known as: Black bugbane, Fairy candles, Bugbane

Black cohosh is a perennial herb that is easy to grow in full or partial shade. Used in landscaping to add color and texture to leafy borders and shade gardens, it is highly aromatic and can be used to repel insects. The flower stalks of black cohosh will angle themselves toward bright light.

Scientific classification

Species

Black cohosh (Actaea racemosa)

Buttercups, poppies and allies

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Toxic to Humans

Toxicity

Perennial

Lifespan

Herb

Plant Type

Early summer, Mid summer

Bloom Time

Summer

Harvest Time

1.2 m to 2 m

Plant Height

60 cm to 1.2 m

Spread

Green

Leaf Color

2.5 cm

Flower Size

Brown, Green, Copper, White

Fruit Color

0 - 32 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Summer

Growth Season

Moderate

Growth Rate

Images of Black cohosh

Distribution of Black cohosh

Distribution Map

Black cohosh, originally native to North America's eastern forests, thrives in temperate woodlands and has been introduced to similar habitats in Europe. Its range extends from the eastern region of its native continent, adapting well to some northern parts of Europe where it is cultivated, establishing it as a species with a transatlantic presence.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Introduced

No species reported

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Habitat

Small woodland openings, garden

Hemisphere Trend Curve

Northern

Sorthern

Culture

Garden Use

When grown at the back of borders or beds, black cohosh provides height interest and makes an eye-catching vertical plant. This shade-loving, deer-resistant plant is suitable for cottage gardens, where its bottle-brush heads of petite white flowers can represent an unusual and interesting aesthetic feature.

Symbolism

Love, courage, potency, Herb native from woodland

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Toxicity

Black cohosh is toxic to humans, cats, and dogs, with all parts containing toxins. Symptoms of poisoning include stomach upset, headache, dizziness, rash, hallucinations, and, in severe cases, organ damage. Immediate veterinary care is essential if pets show signs of poisoning. Preventing access is crucial for pet safety.

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Quickly Identify Black cohosh

Tripinnately compound basal leaves up to 3 feet (90 cm) long with 2-5 lobed leaflets.

Sturdy, erect stem, green to purplish, 3-4 feet (90-120 cm) tall, minimal branching.

Towering height exceeding 6 feet (183 cm) with long, arching racemes of diminutive white flowers.

Unpleasant-scented petal-less white flowers on 1-2 feet (30-60 cm) long racemes from May to August.

Small, dry seed pods in racemose clusters, not exceeding 2 inches (5 cm) in length, with numerous seeds.

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Care Guide for Black cohosh

Every week

Water

Partial sun

Sunlight

0 - 32 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Garden Soil

Soil Type

Water: Black cohosh thrives in moist woodland conditions and requires evenly moist soil, as it cannot tolerate drought. To emulate its natural habitat, weekly watering is essential, especially during the growing season, to promote healthy foliage and flowering as a herbaceous perennial.

Fertilize: For black cohosh, use balanced nutrition fertilizers to encourage growth and blooming. Fertilize once in spring with a slow-release formula, following the manufacturer's guidelines. Reduce application as dormancy nears, and water thoroughly afterward to enhance absorption and prevent root burn.

Pruning: Black cohosh is a perennial with tall spikes of white flowers. Prune in early to late spring by removing dead stems and thinning crowded areas for better air circulation. Regular pruning enhances plant structure, deters disease, and aligns with the growth cycle for improved vigor and appearance.

Propagation: Black cohosh propagates by sowing in spring and has a moderate difficulty level. Successful propagation is indicated by new, healthy growth. Pre-chilling seeds can improve germination rates when necessary.

Repotting: Repotting black cohosh every 2-3 years in early spring supports growth. Use a slightly larger container and keep the soil moist with indirect light. Avoid fertilizing for a month after repotting to reduce stress and aid recovery.

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Images of Black cohosh

Distribution of Black cohosh

Culture

Toxicity

Quickly Identify Black cohosh

Care Guide for Black cohosh

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