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Black alder
Also known as: Alder, Common alder
Black alder (Alnus glutinosa) is indigenous to almost all of continental Europe. It’s used commercially in papermaking, in the manufacture of fiberboard, and in energy production. The bark of black alder has been used for hundreds of years in dyeing and tanning. The leaves of this species are so sticky, some people put them on the floor of their homes to trap fleas.
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Perennial
Lifespan
Tree
Plant Type
Spring
Bloom Time
Fall, Winter, Spring
Harvest Time
20 m to 37 m
Plant Height
6 m to 12 m
Spread
Brown, Green, Silver
Stem Color
Winter dormancy
Dormancy
Deciduous
Leaf type
0 - 32 ℃
Ideal Temperature
Spring
Growth Season
Rapid
Growth Rate

Images of Black alder

Distribution of Black alder

Distribution Map
Black alder has a wide natural distribution across temperate areas of Europe, the western portions of Asia, and certain regions of North Africa. Beyond its native range, black alder has been introduced to parts of South America, the Indian subcontinent, and East Asia. In terms of cultivation, black alder is also grown in various locales where it may not naturally occur. While it has established itself in some areas outside its native range, such as North America and New Zealand, black alder is sometimes thought to be a species that may have an impact on ecosystems. Regardless, its cultivation continues, both within its native expanses and beyond.
Native
Cultivated
Invasive
Introduced
No species reported
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Habitat
Wet ground in woods, near lakes and along the sides of streams
Hemisphere Trend Curve

Culture

Garden Use
Black alder is not a common garden choice, as it can be hard to eradicate once established. However, in gardens with poor soil quality or for wet locations, it does have value. It is also used as an anchor or pioneer plant, especially to stabilize areas like riverbanks. Elderberry, goldenrod, and red maple are good companions in a rain garden.
Symbolism
Protection, Symbol of Appearance and Glamour
Interesting Facts
Black alder is a pioneer species of tree which helps new forests become established. Eventually, as other trees take over, the alder does not receive enough light and dies out. It is beneficial to wildlife and as an ornamental tree, but it can become invasive. This tree can tolerate both water-logged soil and dry soil.
Name Story
Black alder: It is a pioneer species, colonizing vacant land and establishing mixed forest with the existing trees. Usually, the plants from the Alnus genus are called alder. As the tree bark exhibits a brownish-black surface, it is called black alder.
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Quickly Identify Black alder

1
Distinctive sticky stems with glutinous glands.
2
Catkins with male and female florets.
3
Woody cones with winged seeds, persisting through winter.
4
Oval to elliptical dark green leaves with serrated margins.
5
Bark transitions from smooth to distinctive plates with shallow furrows.
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Care Guide for Black alder

Every 1-2 weeks
Water
Full sun
Sunlight
0 - 32 ℃
Ideal Temperature
Garden Soil
Soil Type
Water: Black alder thrives in wetlands, adapting to high moisture and occasional flooding. It requires watering every 1-2 weeks to keep soil moist but not waterlogged. Ideal for rain gardens, black alder benefits from soil that mimics its natural, damp riverbank habitat.
Fertilize: Fertilize black alder with balanced nutrition in early spring and high nitrogen mid-season, applying quarterly as per package instructions. Use slow-release formulations and water thoroughly post-application. Adjust feeding based on growth pace and reduce in autumn to prepare for dormancy, avoiding over-fertilization.
Pruning: Black alder benefits from regular pruning, particularly in early spring. Focus on removing dead branches and thinning crowded areas to enhance airflow and support healthy growth. Pruning back to a bud or lateral branch helps maintain structure while preventing disease.
Propagation: Black alder can be propagated via hardwood cuttings, layering, or sowing seeds, ideally in autumn and winter. Sowing seeds is the easiest method. Signs of success include root growth and healthy shoots. Use healthy parent plants and maintain proper soil moisture for best results.
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