Red alder (Alnus rubra)

Red alder

Also known as: Oregon alder

The red alder, one of the world's largest alders, takes its common name from the vibrant reddish color that emerges in its bruised or scraped bark. The various parts of this tree have multiple uses. Native Americans use the bark of this tree to make dye and medicine. Its wood is used in construction and furniture.

Scientific classification

Species

Red alder (Alnus rubra)

Beeches, walnuts, and allied trees

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Perennial

Lifespan

Tree

Plant Type

Spring

Bloom Time

Summer

Harvest Time

Brown, Copper

Fruit Color

Yellow, Green, Red

Flower Color

Green, Brown, Yellow

Stem Color

Winter dormancy

Dormancy

Deciduous

Leaf type

10 - 35 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Rapid

Growth Rate

Images of Red alder

Attributes of Red alder

Growth Rate

With a rapid growth rate, red alder mainly thrives during Spring, Summer, and Fall, witnessing significant growth spurts, especially in height and leaf production. This rapid pace results in red alder swiftly establishing its presence in the ecosystem. Slight variations in the growth speed may be noticed seasonally, but red alder continually maintains its rapid growth. Notably, this growth manifests itself in red alder's ability to efficiently colonize disturbed sites, lending to its reputation as a pioneer species.

Distribution of Red alder

Distribution Map

Red alder is a tree native to the temperate broadleaf and mixed forests of the Pacific Northwest region of North America. It has a range extending from northern California to Alaska. In addition, red alder has been introduced to South America, where it has adapted to similar environmental conditions.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Introduced

No species reported

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Habitat

Woods

Hemisphere Trend Curve

Northern

Sorthern

Culture

Garden Use

Gardeners generally plant the red alder tree for its looks, adaptability to different soil conditions, and the density of its foliage. It is most commonly used as a hedge or to provide shade for shade gardens. It is also water-loving and can be placed in any boggy part of the garden, including beside ponds.

Symbolism

Strength, release, determination, protection, discrimination, confidence, and royalty

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Quickly Identify Red alder

Smooth grey bark darkening to rusty red with age.

Ovate leaves with serrated margins and revolute hairs.

Male catkins measuring 4-6 inches (10-15 cm), hang pendulously.

Triangular olive to reddish-brown twigs with pubescent scales.

Small cone-like strobiles with winged samaras for wind dispersal.

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Care Guide for Red alder

Every 1-2 weeks

Water

Full sun

Sunlight

10 - 35 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Garden Soil

Soil Type

Water: Red alder prefers consistent moisture, thriving in wetland-like conditions. It is moderately drought-tolerant but benefits from regular watering every 1-2 weeks. As a deciduous plant, red alder has increased water needs during the growing season and reduced needs while dormant.

Fertilize: Red alder thrives with balanced fertilizers high in nitrogen during spring. Fertilize every 2-4 weeks in warmer months, reducing to monthly in fall. Use half the dosage for young or potted plants and avoid winter fertilization. Water thoroughly post-fertilization to protect roots.

Pruning: Red alder is a fast-growing, deciduous tree with smooth, gray bark and slender leaves. Prune in early spring to remove damaged branches and improve air circulation. Regular pruning enhances health and prevents disease. Use sharp tools for clean cuts. Consult horticultural guides for more information.

Propagation: Red alder is best propagated in autumn and winter using hardwood cuttings, layering, or seeds. Look for new growth as a success indicator. Keep cuttings moist and avoid direct sunlight to enhance propagation success.

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