Black mustard maintains a wide geographical presence, with its native range spanning across major regions of Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia. In many parts of these continents, black mustard grows naturally and forms a part of traditional landscapes. Beyond its native territory, black mustard has been introduced to various continents including South America, Australia, and North Asia. It is sometimes thought to be establishing itself in certain areas outside its native range, where it may have an impact on local ecosystems. Notably, in New Zealand, black mustard is considered invasive and may alter indigenous plant communities.

Black mustard is presumed to be native to Eurasia and northern Africa. It has been introduced throughout much of the world by cultivation and has escaped as a weed, and as such, it is now listed as invasive in several states in the United States. Black mustard grows quickly in disturbed areas and tolerates a variety of habitats. Worryingly, it can reduce soil biodiversity and crowd out native plants. It also releases toxins into the soil that inhibit the growth and reproduction of native plants. Careful harvesting of cultivated black mustard can prevent the introduction of invasive populations, while herbicide and mowing can provide effective control.

The best season to remove black mustard seeds is before the summer, in late spring. At this stage, the plant will not have fully matured yet to produce its seeds, preventing a new cycle of growth. Here are some methods to control this weed: