Spotted water hemlock - Cicuta maculata (Taxonomy, Characteristics, Symbolism, Images, Toxic)

Spotted water hemlock

Also known as: Spotted cowbane, Poison parsley, Musquash root, Suicide root, Beaver poison

Spotted water hemlock (Cicuta maculata) is not the same species that killed Socrates. That plant is known as poison hemlock (Conium maculatum). However, spotted water hemlock is still one of the most poisonous plants known to humankind. The poison it contains is called “cicutoxin,” and can cause convulsions, delirium, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, and seizures

Scientific classification

Species

Spotted water hemlock (Cicuta maculata)

Carrots, ivies and allies

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Toxic to Human & Pets

Toxicity

Weeds

Weed or not

Perennial, Biennial

Lifespan

Herb

Plant Type

Summer, Fall

Bloom Time

Late spring, Early summer, Mid summer

Harvest Time

1 m to 1.5 m

Plant Height

30 cm to 60 cm

Spread

Green, Blue

Leaf Color

2.5 cm

Flower Size

Deciduous

Leaf type

20 - 35 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Summer, Fall

Growth Season

Images of Spotted water hemlock

Culture

Symbolism

Destroy sexual drives *poison*

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Toxicity

Spotted water hemlock is extremely poisonous when ingested, causing convulsions and respiratory failure, often fatal. Symptoms: fever, dizziness, diarrhea, convulsions, seizures, and respiratory issues. Toxic to cats and dogs, inducing cardiac dysfunction, panting, paralysis, coma, and death. Found in marshy areas in the U.S., it’s often mistaken for parsnips. Immediate veterinary attention is crucial for pets.

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Weed Control

Native to Europe, spotted water hemlock was originally introduced to North America as an ornamental plant. However, spotted water hemlock is highly toxic to humans and livestock and is considered to be among the most poisonous plants in North America. It is considered invasive in Nevada and is banned in Michigan. It grows well in disturbed areas including pastures and roadsides. It also produces abundant seeds that can be spread through multiple vectors. The application of herbicide, hand pulling the entire plant, mowing before seeds set, and digging can effectively control populations of spotted water hemlock.

How to Control It

The removal of spotted water hemlock is most efficient during the late spring or early summer season. This is the period when the plant hasn't matured fully or started to reproduce yet. Here are a few organic or interesting ways to control or remove it:

Hand Pulling: Start by watering the area around spotted water hemlock, as this will loosen up the soil and make the removal process easier. Using gloves, grasp the plant tightly at its base and gently but firmly pull out of the ground, making sure you have uprooted the entire root system.
Solarization: This technique kills spotted water hemlock using heat from the sun. Start by watering the infected area. Then, cover it with a clear plastic sheet and secure the edges into the ground. Leave it for 4-6 weeks. The heat generated beneath the plastic will kill the weed and the seeds.
Organic Herbicides: Use organic herbicides, such as ones based on citrus oil or vinegar, which are non-toxic to the environment. Apply the herbicides to spotted water hemlock, ensuring full coverage. Multiple applications may be needed as organic herbicides tend to work slower.
Crust Formation: Disturb the soil around spotted water hemlock and give a good water soak to create a crust. This eventually prevents the weed from germinating.
Plant Competition: Grow a crop or plant species that over-shadows spotted water hemlock, depleting its exposure to sunlight and reducing its growth.

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Quickly Identify Spotted water hemlock

Hollow stems with purple stripes, reaching 2 feet (60 cm) tall.

Leaves doubly divided, veins end at notches, bright green color.

Compound umbels with dome-shaped umbellets, fragrant tiny flowers.

Smooth ovoid schizocarp with paired seeds, 0.25 inches (6 mm) long.

Cross-partitions at stem nodes, purple mottled appearance, distinctive texture.

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Care Guide for Spotted water hemlock

Every week

Water

Full sun

Sunlight

20 - 35 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Water: Spotted water hemlock thrives in wetland habitats, requiring consistent moisture and high water availability. Weekly watering is recommended to replicate its natural environment. Typically found outdoors, spotted water hemlock benefits from the natural rain cycle, which supports its growth and watering needs.

Propagation: Spotted water hemlock propagates best in Spring through sowing, with moderate difficulty. Success is marked by emerging seedlings. Optimal moisture levels and seed stratification can enhance growth success rates.

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Images of Spotted water hemlock

Culture

Toxicity

Weed Control

Quickly Identify Spotted water hemlock

Care Guide for Spotted water hemlock

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