How to identify Pepper (Capsicum annuum)
Pepper, also known as Chili pepper, Facing heaven pepper, Jalapeño, Anaheim pepper
Pepper is an annual plant characterized by its branched stem and leafy foliage. It features flowers that develop into a variety of colors and shapes of edible fruit, commonly known as peppers. These peppers range from spicy to sweet and vary in color from green to red, yellow, or purple as they mature. The plant thrives in full sunlight, growing well in moist, well-drained, and nutrient-rich soil, and benefits from even moisture. It can reach up to 1.5 feet (45 cm) in height and prefers warm growing conditions. Regularly pinching off the initial blossoms can promote a more bushy growth.
Lifespan: Annual, Perennial, Biennial
Plant Type: Herb
Leaf Type: Deciduous
Fruit sizes vary from 6 inches (15 cm) to smaller shapes.
Leaves range from ovate to lance-shaped, up to 5 inches (13 cm) long.
Smooth hairless stem can reach 2 feet (60 cm) in height, turning purple at nodes.
White flowers with purple anthers, about 1 cm (0.4 inches) wide.
Colorful fruit transitions from green to red, yellow, or purple.
The leaves of pepper are deep green, ovate, and range from 1.5 to 5 inches (4 to 13 cm) in length and 0.6 to 1.6 inches (1.5 to 4 cm) in width. They exhibit a smooth margin and may appear in both alternate and opposite arrangements on the stem. The leaf shape varies from oblong to egg- or lance-shaped, with some cultivars starting green and turning shiny black. The leaves maintain vibrant color throughout the growing season.
The flowers of pepper are small, measuring about 1 cm (0.4 inches) in diameter. They are white with distinctive purple anthers and usually appear solitary, though they can sometimes be found in small clusters. Blooming in the summer, these flowers have five petals and a simple, symmetrical shape. While not particularly fragrant, their unique coloration makes them easily identifiable. Perfect for the casual observer, these delicate blooms are key to recognizing the species.
The stem of pepper is smooth and hairless, exhibiting a thick, sturdy structure. It typically grows upright, displaying a green hue that may darken to a purple shade at the nodes. The stem features distinct nodes where leaves and branches arise, contributing to a bushy appearance. Measuring up to 2 feet (60 cm) in height, it supports the plant efficiently. The branching pattern is relatively symmetrical, providing a robust framework for the plant's growth.
The fruit of pepper is a botanically-classified berry with a diversity of shapes and sizes among cultivars. Typically, these fruits can grow up to 6 inches (15 cm) in length and exhibit variation from long and thin to thick and large. The colors range from bright red to various other hues, while the taste spans from spicy to sweet. The surface texture also varies widely. Inside, they house numerous light yellow seeds that are disk- to kidney-shaped, nestled into the fruit's interior.
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The pepper are commonly used for cooking in places such as the Southern U.S. and Central America. Most are moderately spicy, though because there are so many variants, the spice level can vary dramatically. Cayenne powder is also a popular seasoning product made from pepper plants.
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The bigleaf hydrangea is a deciduous shrub native to Japan, and is known for its lush, oval, colorful inflorescence. The two types of Hydrangea macrophylla are mopheads - with large, ball-shaped, sterile flower clusters, and lace capes - with small round fertile flowers in the center, and sterile flowers on the outer side of each inflorescence. Depending on soil pH, blooms can change color from pink to blue.
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Scientific Classification of Pepper
