

How to identify Bittercresses (Cardamine)
Bittercresses is recognized by its distinctive basal rosette of leaves from which rises a stem with small, white flowers. These flowers give way to slender, straight seed pods that burst open, sending seeds flying 3 to 6 feet (about 1 to 2 meters). The leaves tend to be green and may vary in shape and texture across different species within the genus. The life cycle of bittercresses allows it to thrive in moist, shaded areas, making it a robust presence in such environments.
Basal rosette of leaves
Slender, pod-like fruit resembling small cigars
Small, white flowers on stem
Seeds flying 3-6 feet (1-2 meters) from burst pods
Pinnately compound leaves with oblong leaflets
The leaves of bittercresses form a basal rosette, displaying a pinnately compound structure. Each leaflet is oblong to lanceolate in shape, measuring about 1 to 3 inches (2.5 to 7.6 cm) long and 0.4 to 1 inch (1 to 2.5 cm) wide. The leaves are typically a vibrant green with a smooth, slightly glossy texture. The veins are prominent, running parallel to the leaflet edges, and the margins can be either smooth or with small, rounded teeth. The overall appearance is delicate and finely divided.
The fruit of bittercresses is characterized by slender, pod-like structures that resemble small cigars in shape. These pods are typically erect or ascending, reaching lengths of approximately 1-2 inches (2.5-5 cm), and may exhibit a green to brown hue as they mature. The smooth surface of the fruit encases multiple small, round seeds packed in a row. Upon ripening, the pods split open, releasing the seeds which are important for the propagation of bittercresses.
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Scientific Classification of Bittercresses