How to identify Sulfur cosmos (Cosmos sulphureus)
Sulfur cosmos, also known as Orange cosmos, Klondike cosmos
Sulfur cosmos is an annual flowering plant reaching heights up to 6 feet (183 cm). This species boasts a vivid display of double and semi-double blooms measuring 1-2 inches (2.5-5 cm) across, in hues of bright orange, red, and yellow. The flowers are borne atop well-branched stems and are characterized by their dimorphic involucral bracts arranged in two distinct rows, which encase the small floral heads. Its leaves are pinnatifid and arranged oppositely along the stems, providing a lush backdrop to the strikingly colorful blooms from summer through to the first frost.
Lifespan: Annual
Plant Type: Herb
Leaf Type: Deciduous
Vivid double blooms in orange, red, and yellow, 1-2 inches across.
Distinct dimorphic involucral bracts in two rows around flowers.
Oppositely arranged pinnatifid leaves, creating a lush backdrop.
Long-lasting daisy-like flowers with yellow discs and obovate petals.
Compound leaves with deeply cleft, feathery appearance, up to 12 inches long.
The leaves of sulfur cosmos are compound, reaching up to 12 inches (30 cm) in length. Each leaf consists of 2-3 deeply cleft, lance-shaped leaflets, which are deeply lobed into linear, narrow sections. The dark green leaves exhibit a fine texture and possess a delicate vein pattern. The lobes and sections create a feathery appearance, making the leaves a distinctive feature. This intricate leaf structure aids in the plant's overall aesthetic and identification.
Sulfur cosmos produces daisy-like flowers up to 2.5 inches (5 cm) in diameter. The flowers have yellow discs surrounded by rich orange to pale reddish-yellow obovate petals, notched at the apex. Each flower is supported by a long stalk measuring about 4-8 inches (10-20 cm). The involucral bracts are arranged in two rows, with the outer ones spreading and narrow, and the inner ones appressed to the ray flowers, broad and membranous. The flowers are long-lasting and do not emit a noticeable scent.
The fruit of sulfur cosmos is a type of achene, a small, dry, and hard fruit that retains its seeds securely within, as it does not split open when mature. These achenes are typically encased in a protective outer layer that may exhibit variations in texture and color as they progress from their initial formation to full maturity. Each achene is slightly elongated and may reach a length of up to 0.08 inches (2 mm), with a surface that can range from smooth to finely textured. The color often transitions from a greenish hue when young to a more brown or straw color upon aging, providing camouflage among the fallen plant debris.
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Scientific Classification of Sulfur cosmos
