

How to identify Swamp titi (Cyrilla racemiflora)
Swamp titi, also known as Black Titi, Red Titi, Burnwood Bark, He Huckleberry , Myrtle, Ironwood
Swamp titi presents as a versatile plant, alternating between evergreen, semi-evergreen, and deciduous traits depending on the climate. Typically growing as a shrub or a small tree, it can reach up to 20 feet (6 meters) in height. This species is characterized by its slender, elongated clusters of flowers. The leaves of swamp titi are glossy and leathery, with a slightly toothed margin, adding to its elegant appearance. It often flowers in the warmer months, producing delicate white to pale pink blossoms that attract various pollinators.
Slender, elongated clusters of white to pale pink flowers.
Profuse, fragrant white blossoms in drooping racemes (7.5-15 cm long).
Ovoid, yellow-brown capsules with 1 mature seed, persisting through winter (2 mm).
Alternate, simple leaves, up to 4 inches long, turning vibrant colors in fall.
Smooth, cinnamon-colored bark evolving to lenticellate, exfoliating layers (up to 30 cm diameter).
The leaves of swamp titi are alternate, simple, and can be oblanceolate to oval, with a rounded or pointed tip and a tapered base. They are thick, smooth, and nearly evergreen, measuring up to 4 inches (10 cm) long and 1 inch (2.5 cm) wide. The leaves exhibit a reticulate vein pattern and are bright green underneath, turning canary yellow to orange burgundy in the fall, providing a striking seasonal display.
The flowers of swamp titi are distinguished by their profuse, fragrant white blossoms arranged in drooping racemes, which are 3-6 inches (7.5-15 cm) long. Each raceme is produced on stalks deriving from the previous year's growth, and these stalks are accompanied by slender bracts. Blooming occurs from late spring into summer, typically in May, June, and July. The overall floral display is marked by its appealing scent and cascading arrangement, making it a notable feature for identification.
The fruit of swamp titi is a yellow-brown capsule that is ovoid in shape and dry in texture. It measures approximately 1/12 inch (about 2 mm) in length and typically contains 1 to 5 seeds within. However, usually only one seed matures to full size. These fruits persist on the plant into the winter season, showcasing their display from September to October. The capsule's notable persistence through colder months and its characteristic single-seed maturity are key features for identification.
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Scientific Classification of Swamp titi