The leaves of common lantana are simple, rough-hairy, ovate, and arranged oppositely or in whorls. Each leaf measures approximately 2 to 5 inches (5 to 12 cm) in length. They possess a coarsely-serrated margin and emanate a distinct pungent scent upon being crushed or rubbed. The vein pattern is prominent and contributes to the leaf's textured feel. When the leaves are crushed, they emit a characteristic strong fragrance, which is a notable identifying feature.

Common lantana produces spherical clusters of tubular flowers measuring 1 - 2 inches (2.5 - 5 cm). The flowers are multi-colored, transitioning between white, red, pink, or yellow as they age and with pollination. Each tubular flower has five lobes arranged in a flat-topped cluster on a long stalk. These vibrant clusters are highly attractive to butterflies, adding visual interest and diversity to any garden.

Common lantana features spiny, square or 3-angled stems that are distinctively covered with bristly hairs when young. As they mature, these stems often develop scattered hooked prickles. The stems' unique angular shape and rough texture provide important identification markers. Typically, these stems can grow to significant lengths, supporting a branching pattern that varies based on environmental conditions. The color tends to be green when young, potentially becoming woody or brownish with age. The stems can reach a thickness of approximately 0.5 inches (1.3 cm).

The fruit of common lantana is a berry-like drupe that is approximately 0.3 inches (7.62 mm) in diameter. Initially, the fruit presents a green color, maturing to vibrant shades of orange or red before transitioning to a metallic blue or deep purple-black upon full ripeness. These globular, fleshy fruits encompass two seeds and their final ripe coloration attracts birds, which play a crucial role in seed dispersal. The color change signifies the fruit's ripening process, making them easily distinguishable at various stages of development.