How to identify Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea)

How to identify Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea)

Reed canary grass exhibits robust clumps that form dense monotypic stands often seen along waterside locales and in moist open fields. These plants stand tall at heights ranging from 6 to 9 feet (approximately 180-275 cm). Notable are the plant's extensive rhizome systems, which, along with its prolific seeding capacity, contribute to its aggressive spread. Visually, reed canary grass can be identified by its reed-like appearance, highlighted by a collection of broad, blade-like leaves and a tough, hollow stem structure.

Lifespan: Perennial

Plant Type: Grass

Leaf Type: Deciduous, Evergreen

Quickly Identify Reed canary grass

Height ranges from 6 to 9 feet (180-275 cm), towering over many other plants.

Distinctive reed-like appearance with broad, blade-like leaves and tough, hollow stems.

Flowers in tight panicles, greenish-white to pinkish, pyramid-shaped, 0.08 inch (2 mm) in size.

Leaves measure 1-4 feet (30-120 cm) long, with longitudinal white stripes and arching habit.

Smooth green stem, can grow up to 6.5 feet (200 cm) tall, sturdy, fibrous quality.

Detailed Traits of Reed canary grass

Leaf Features

The leaves of reed canary grass are rough and flat, green in color, with a gradual taper to the tip. They measure 1-4 feet (30-120 cm) in length and 3/4 to 1 inch (2 to 2.5 cm) in width. These long, strap-shaped leaves feature longitudinal white stripes and tend to arch when mature. The texture is coarse, and the variegated pattern provides a distinctive appearance, aiding in identification.

Leaf Apex

Acuminate

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Flower Features

The flowers of reed canary grass are arranged in tight panicles comprising tiny blooms that are greenish-white to pinkish in color. They typically appear in early summer. Each flower measures about 0.08 inches (2 mm) in size. The panicles are somewhat pyramid-shaped and can grow up to 8 inches (20 cm) long, providing a dense, plume-like appearance. These flowers do not have a noticeable scent, making visual identification through their distinct color and shape essential.

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Stem Features

The stem of reed canary grass is characterized by its smooth, green texture and occasional hollow sections. These stems are typically upright and can reach heights of up to 6.5 feet (200 cm). They are cylindrical and relatively thick, with a diameter ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 inches (3 to 8 mm). Featuring a non-woody appearance, the stems exhibit minimal branching and possess a sturdy, fibrous quality, making them a key identifying feature.

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Fruit Features

The fruit of reed canary grass is a small dry caryopsis (grain), encapsulated within a dual structure of bracts known as the lemma. Initially green, the fruit's supporting inflorescence shifts to purplish hues before settling into a tan color upon maturity. The variation includes both sterile and fertile lemmas, with the fertile ones enclosing the seeds that are crucial for propagation. Each grain is typically minute, with length measurements being less than a quarter of an inch (around 6 mm), favoring dispersal by winds or water.

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Key Facts About Reed canary grass

Attributes of Reed canary grass

Lifespan

Perennial

Plant Type

Grass

Plant Height

2 m

Flower Color

Green

Brown

Fruit Color

Brown

Yellow

Stem Color

Green

Blue

Leaf type

Deciduous, Evergreen

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Scientific Classification of Reed canary grass

Phylum

Vascular plants

Class

Monocotyledons

Order

Grasses, sedges and allies

Family

Grass

Genus

Phalaris

Species

Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea)

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Distribution Map of Reed canary grass

Reed canary grass has a broad native range that encompasses major regions of Europe and parts of Asia. It has been introduced to various continents, including South America, Africa, and Oceania, displaying a wide-reaching global presence. Widely cultivated, reed canary grass has adapted to numerous environments. In certain areas where it is non-native, reed canary grass is sometimes thought to be potentially invasive and may have an impact on local ecosystems, though the extent varies regionally. Its substantial distribution highlights its ecological adaptability and the need for careful management in diverse habitats.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Potentially invasive

Exotic

No species reported

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