How to identify Spruce pine (Pinus glabra)

How to identify Spruce pine (Pinus glabra)

Spruce pine, also known as Cedar pine, American spruce pine

Spruce pine is an evergreen tree recognized for its stature, commonly reaching 40-50 feet (12-15 meters) tall, with some specimens growing up to 80 feet (24 meters). This member of the Pinaceae family typically begins to produce cones at the decade mark. Unlike its relatives, spruce pine stands out as it prefers not to grow in uniform stands, but can be found singly in its preferred wetland habitats. Its foliage and growth patterns offer a unique visual among conifers.

Lifespan: Perennial

Plant Type: Tree

Leaf Type: Evergreen

Quickly Identify Spruce pine

Evergreen tree reaching 40-50 feet (12-15 meters) tall with irregular solitary growth in wetlands.

Dark green needles, 2-4 inches (5-10 cm) long, arranged in pairs with slender, flexible form.

Detailed Traits of Spruce pine

Leaf Features

Spruce pine features leaves that are 2 to 4 inches (5 to 10 cm) long, comprising dark green needles. These needles are slightly twisted and arranged in bundles of two per fascicle. The needles exhibit a slender and flexible form, providing a distinctively graceful appearance. They have a smooth texture with a sharp yet pliant feel, typically with a rich, deep green hue, contributing to the identification of this species. The vein pattern is subtle, emphasizing the needle's linear and elongated structure.

Learn About the Leaf Glossary

Stem Features

Spruce pine stems are slender and smooth, initially displaying a distinct purple-red to red-brown coloration. As the plant matures, the stem's color gradually transitions to gray. These stems are typically thin, measuring around 1-3 inches (2.5-7.6 cm) in diameter, with smooth bark that may become slightly rougher as it ages. Branching patterns are irregular, aiding in its identification. The smooth texture and color transformation are key features to recognize this plant.

Learn About the Stem Glossary

Fruit Features

The fruit of spruce pine is a woody, conical seed cone, ranging in size from 2.5 to 5 inches (6.35 to 12.7 cm) in length. These cones bear a rich brown hue upon reaching maturity and display a rugged texture. A notable characteristic is their longevity on the tree, as they can persist for 2 to 3 years. In contrast, the pollen cones exhibit a purplish-brown color and cluster at the twig ends, positioned higher on the tree than the seed cones.

Learn About the Fruit Glossary

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