The leaves of pitch pine are 3 to 5 inches (7.6 to 12.7 cm) long, rigid, and twisted. They exhibit a dark yellow-green coloration and grow in bundles of three (3 per fascicle). Each needle has a triangular cross-section with three distinct faces. These faces are marked by numerous thin, white lines of stomata, which are essential for gas exchange. The texture of the needles is rough and prickly, aiding in the plant's identification.

The flowers of pitch pine bloom in May. These flowers are typically small and inconspicuous, playing a minor role in the plant's reproductive process. Male flowers are yellowish and clustered in small, cylindrical catkins, while female flowers are reddish-purple, emerging as tiny cones. Measuring around 0.2 inches (5 mm), these flowers are crucial for seed production, leading to the development of pine cones. They emit no significant scent and primarily rely on wind for pollination.

The stem of pitch pine is thick and gnarled, often displaying a rugged, textured surface with a dark brown hue. It can range in thickness, reaching several inches (up to 10 cm) in diameter. The stem sometimes develops a pendulous form, especially in older, more mature plants. Branches emerge irregularly, creating a twisted and complex structure, often contributing to the plant's distinctive, resilient appearance in various forested environments.

The fruit of pitch pine is characterized by light brown cones, typically measuring approximately 1 to 3 inches (2.5 to 7.6 cm) in length. These cones can often be found in whorls of 3 to 5, creating a distinctive arrangement. Each cone scale possesses stiff and curved spines, contributing to a unique texture palpable upon handling. Notably, these cones have a propensity to remain on the tree for several years after they have completed seed dispersal. The appearance of pitch pine's fruit is most prominent in the months of September and October, presenting a specific seasonal window for observation.