

How to identify Scarlet firethorn (Pyracantha coccinea)
Scarlet firethorn, also known as Red firethorn
Scarlet firethorn is distinguished by its upright, stiff form, reaching heights and widths of 6 to 18 feet (1.8 to 5.5 meters). It features smooth, reddish-brown bark punctuated with small pores, known as lenticels. The branches bear sharp spines and support lustrous, dark green leaves that are simple, alternately arranged, and 1 to 2.5 inches (2.5 to 6.35 cm) in length. In spring, it produces tight clusters of fetid, 5-petaled white flowers, followed by dense gatherings of orange-red pomes, resembling berries, each 1/4 inch (0.63 cm) across, coming to prominence in the fall.
Upright growth reaching 6-18 feet (1.8-5.5 meters) with reddish-brown bark and spines.
Dark green, shiny leaves 1-2.5 inches (2.5-6.4 cm) long, with cuneate bases.
Clusters of fetid, white, 5-petaled flowers in spring, 1/3 inch (0.8 cm) wide.
Orange-red pomes, berry-like, tightly clustered at 1/4 inch (6 mm) diameter.
Distinctive smooth, glossy, reddish-brown trunk bark with scattered lenticels.
The leaves of scarlet firethorn are shiny, dark green, and alternate. They are simple, narrowly elliptic, ovate or lanceolate in shape, with acute tips and cuneate bases. Measuring 1 to 2.5 inches (2.5 to 6.4 cm) in length, the margins can be crenulate-serrulate to entire. The undersides of the leaves are paler and feature a pubescent texture. These evergreen to semi-evergreen leaves are key in identifying scarlet firethorn.
The flowers of scarlet firethorn are white, fetid, and 5-petaled, each measuring about 1/3 inch (approximately 0.8 cm) in diameter. These blooms cluster tightly in corymb formations on the spurs of the previous year's growth, with individual clusters ranging from 2 to 3 inches (5 to 7.5 cm) in length. The flowers appear from spring to early summer, presenting a showy display.
The stems of scarlet firethorn are initially pubescent, but gradually become smooth and glossy. They exhibit a striking reddish-brown color. The stems are armed with numerous short spines, each measuring less than 1 inch (2.54 cm) in length. Small buds are also present along the stems, which contribute to their distinctive appearance.
The fruit of scarlet firethorn is characterized by its small, brightly colored pomes that resemble berries. Each fruit measures approximately 1/4 inch (6 mm) in diameter and exhibits a vibrant orange-red hue. These fruits are notably clustered tightly together, creating a striking visual display. The smooth surface of the fruit is a distinguishing feature, and their persistence on the plant throughout the fall and well into the winter months adds to their ornamental appeal. Known to attract birds, these fruit clusters play a role in seed dispersal for the species.
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Scientific Classification of Scarlet firethorn