How to identify Elder (Sambucus nigra)
Elder, also known as Common elderberry
Elder is characterized by its robust and expansive growth, reaching heights of 8 to 20 feet (2.4 to 6 meters) and similar widths. This deciduous specimen thrives with multiple stems that give it a bushy appearance. The leaves are arranged oppositely along the branches and are compound with several leaflets. In the right conditions, it will produce clusters of tiny, creamy-white flowers, which subsequently mature into dark, purplish-black berries.
Lifespan: Perennial
Plant Type: Shrub
Leaf Type: Deciduous
Deciduous plant, reaching 8-20 feet (2.4-6 meters) in height and width.
Oppositely arranged compound leaves with 3-9 serrated ovate leaflets.
Clusters of tiny creamy-white flowers in large, flat-topped cymes.
Lustrous glossy black berries measuring about 3/8 inches (1 cm) in diameter.
Distinct musky scent from delicate flowers during summer blooming period.
Elder has dark green pinnately compound leaves that reach up to 10 inches (25 cm) in length. Each leaf consists of 3 to 9 serrated ovate leaflets, with each leaflet measuring approximately 5 inches (13 cm) long. The leaves emit an unpleasant odor when crushed. The texture is slightly coarse, and the veining is prominently visible. These features make the leaves of elder easily recognizable for enthusiasts and botanists alike.
The flowers of elder are tiny and range from yellowish white to cream in color. They are organized in large, flat-topped clusters called cymes, which measure approximately 5 to 8 inches (12 to 20 cm) across. Each flower has a delicate, musky scent that becomes prominent during their blooming period in summer. The flower structure is intricate, contributing to the overall aesthetic and attractiveness of the plant when in full bloom.
The fruit of elder is notably characterized by its striking, lustrous glossy black appearance. Each individual fruit measures approximately 3/8 inches (about 1 cm) in diameter. These fruits emerge in clusters during the late summer to fall season. The round, berry-like fruits offer a vibrant contrast to the foliage, creating a visually attractive display. Always handled with care, they are important for wildlife and also used in traditional recipes after proper preparation.
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Scientific Classification of Elder
