How to identify Grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
Grain sorghum, also known as Durra, Jowar, Indian Millet, Pampas Rice, Egyptian Millet, Great millet, Common wild sorghum, Broom millet, Forage sorghum, Sudangrass, Milo
Grain sorghum displays an upright stature with robust stems reaching up to 8 feet (2.4 meters) in height. Its broad leaves are typically arranged alternately along the stem, exhibiting a notably waxy texture and a dark green coloration. The inflorescences of grain sorghum are dense panicles, featuring numerous small florets that can range in color from white to shades of red. This species culminates in grains enclosed in hard outer casings, clustering at the top of the plant, providing a distinct visual feature crucial for its identification.
Lifespan: Annual, Perennial
Plant Type: Grass
Leaf Type: Deciduous
Upright stature up to 8 feet (2.4 meters) tall, with robust stems.
Dense panicles of small florets, colors ranging from white to red.
Edible seeds with diverse colors: white, red, brown, yellow, purple-brown.
Leaf blades up to 39 inches long, dark green on top, dull underneath.
Smooth, glossy stem up to 15 feet tall, occasionally reddish or purple.
The leaves of grain sorghum are floppy leaf blades stretching along the complete length of the stems, located beneath the flower panicles. They are darker green on the upper side and have a dull appearance underneath. The cauline leaves have broadly rounded bases, measuring between 30 - 100 cm (12 - 39 inches) long and 5 - 10 mm (0.2 - 0.4 inches) wide. They are glabrous and waxy, with leaf sheaths that encircle the culms and feature overlapping margins.
The flowers of grain sorghum appear from August to October in loose, open panicles ranging from 6 to 20 inches (15 to 40 cm) long. Each panicle can bear clusters of spikelets, which are sessile and measure up to 6 mm in length. The upper branches of the panicles typically droop, producing 800 to 3,000 kernels per cluster. The flowers do not have a distinct scent and are primarily wind-pollinated, making them efficient in grain production.
The stem of grain sorghum is a tall, solitary or tufted structure reaching up to 15 feet (4.5 meters) in height. It is covered by overlapping sheaths and exhibits a smooth, glossy texture. The stem is typically green, occasionally displaying reddish or purple hues as it matures. It is cylindrical and sturdy, with thickness ranging between 0.5 to 1.5 inches (1.3 to 3.8 cm) in diameter. The stem does not branch out and remains singular throughout its growth cycle.
The fruit of grain sorghum is a caryopsis, commonly regarded as a grain, which becomes exposed upon maturity. These edible seeds boast a striking array of colors, from a pale, creamy white to a spectrum of reds and browns, as well as hues ranging from a delicate light yellow to a rich purple-brown. The ripening period for these seeds spans from September to October. As the seeds, or grains, reach maturity, their coloration provides a visually diverse indicator of readiness for harvest. Texture and appearance may vary, indicative of the wide genetic diversity within grain sorghum.
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Scientific Classification of Grain sorghum
