How to identify Carolina vetch (Vicia caroliniana)

Photo By natemartineau , used under CC-BY-4.0 /Cropped and compressed from original

How to identify Carolina vetch (Vicia caroliniana)

Carolina vetch reaches a stature of roughly 1 to 2 feet (30 to 60 cm) tall and flourishes in dry soils. This species possesses pinnately compound leaves that are arranged alternately, featuring entire margins and a hairy underside for tactile identification. Its stems are distinguishable by a hollow structure, hairiness, and subtle wing-like features. During spring, carolina vetch showcases distinct light pinkish-white flowers, which bear a resemblance to peas in their structure.

Lifespan: Perennial

Plant Type: Herb, Vine

Leaf Type: Semi-evergreen

Quickly Identify Carolina vetch

Pinnately compound leaves with entire margins and hairy undersides for tactile identification.

Hollow, hairy stems with subtle wing-like features, approximately 0.1-0.2 inches (2.5-5 mm) in diameter.

Light pinkish-white pea-like flowers, 0.4 to 0.5 inches (10 to 13 mm) long, blooming in spring.

Distinct legume flower structure with banner, wings, and keel arrangement in clustered display.

Leaves are bright green on top, paler underneath, with clear vein patterns and alternate arrangement.

Detailed Traits of Carolina vetch

Leaf Features

The leaves of carolina vetch are pinnately compound and alternate, each leaf composed of multiple leaflets arranged along a central axis. They have an entire margin, meaning the edges are smooth and unnotched. The underside of the leaves is covered in fine hairs, giving a slightly fuzzy texture. The leaflets are typically 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5 cm) long, bright green on the top surface, and paler underneath. Vein patterns are clear, with a main vein and smaller secondary veins.

Learn About the Leaf Glossary

Flower Features

The flowers of carolina vetch are light pinkish-white and pea-like, blooming in the spring. Each flower measures approximately 0.4 to 0.5 inches (10 to 13 mm) in length. They possess a typical legume structure with a banner, wings, and a keel arrangement. The petals are delicately clustered, forming a compact, visually striking display. The flowers are not notably fragrant, appealing primarily through their subtle color and unique shape. They bloom in clusters, enhancing their visual impact in the springtime landscape.

Learn About the Flower Glossary

Stem Features

The stem of carolina vetch is a distinctive feature, being hollow, hairy, and slightly winged. It is relatively slim, measuring approximately 0.1-0.2 inches (2.5-5 mm) in diameter. The fine hairs covering the stem give it a slightly rough texture, while the slight winging or ridges help in identification. The color of the stem is typically green, providing a sharp contrast to the surrounding foliage. Its structure supports the plant's climbing or spreading habit, often found twining around support structures.

Learn About the Stem Glossary

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