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Top 20 Most Common Plants in Greenland

In Greenland, you can find Northern firmoss, Common dandelion, Garden angelica, Dwarf birch, Labrador tea, and more! There are 20 types of plants in total. Be sure to look out for these common plants when you’re walking on the streets, in parks, or public gardens.

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Most Common Plants
Northern firmoss
1. Northern firmoss
Although northern firmoss is very similar to other species of club moss, this plant's stems give it the appearance of multiple tiny conifers, so it looks highly unique. It is listed as vulnerable in some US states due to declining numbers.
Common dandelion
2. Common dandelion
*Taraxacum officinale*, widely known as common dandelion, is a herbaceous perennial that can be found in temperate regions all over the world, in habitats with moist soils. The most popular feature of this plant is its fruits, furry spheres that are easily carried by the wind. Although it is generally considered a weed, common dandelion is actually edible and very nutritious.
Garden angelica
3. Garden angelica
Garden angelica is widely cultivated for both aesthetic and culinary purposes. Many of this plant's parts are utilized in traditional Asian and Nordic medicine. This plant's delightfully fragrant edible stems and roots are used in liquors and numerous dishes.
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Dwarf birch
4. Dwarf birch
Dwarf birch (Betula nana) is an arctic birch shrub with small toothed leaves. It can be found in the coldest regions of North America, Asia, and Europe, even extending as far north as Svalbard. Dwarf birch generally needs unobstructed sunlight to grow well. The leaves turn a striking red in autumn before they fall.
Labrador tea
5. Labrador tea
Labrador tea (Rhododendron groenlandicum) is a low-growing, evergreen flowering shrub with fragrant, sticky flowers. Labrador tea is native to Greenland. This species can be made into herbal tea.
Field horsetail
6. Field horsetail
Field horsetail (Equisetum arvense) grows from moist soils. In the spring it generates brown, non-photosynthetic stems whose whole purpose is to release reproductive spores. Once those stems wither, the plant grows its sterile photosynthetic stem to harvest and store energy for the next growing season. The plant fibers are slightly abrasive, and in the past were used to polish pewter and wooden objects. Ironically, field horsetail is toxic to horses and other livestock.
Bog bilberry
7. Bog bilberry
Bog bilberry is a small deciduous shrub that can grow up to 10 to 75 cm tall, sometimes reaching 1 m tall. The fruit of this plant is blue-black with white flesh, and it is edible, providing a sweet treat when ripe in late summer.
Black crowberry
8. Black crowberry
The fruits of black crowberry (Empetrum nigrum) are edible. However, they aren’t as flavorful as other kinds of berries. That’s why if you’re making jams or jellies, you should mix them with berries that have a more full-bodied taste. The fruit also contains high levels of anthocyanin, a natural dye. It was an important traditional food source for the Inuit.
Common juniper
9. Common juniper
The common juniper, the most common of its species, is an evergreen conifer that thrives on every continent. It is grown for the horticultural industry as well as a decorative shrub. The wood is used to make woodcrafts, while the cones are utilized to flavor and enhance various foods. Some Native American cultures use the berries for medicinal purposes.
White clover
10. White clover
White clover (Trifolium repens) is a perennial herb, one of the most cultivated species of clover. It can be found on lawns and grasslands all over the world. White clover is often cultivated as a forage plant and used for green manure in agriculture.
American Dune Grass
11. American Dune Grass
Commonly known as american Dune Grass, this grass is native to the northern parts of North America, as well as Asia. The Leymus mollis has erect stems that grow up to 1.7 m tall. The leaf blades can be almost a meter long. It has been studied for possible usage in the science of wheat breeding.
False christmas cactus
12. False christmas cactus
False christmas cactus gets its name from its flowering season; producing red purple pink or white flowers from fall to winter. Native to a small coastal strip on the east of Brazil this cactus prefers the shade and humidity of jungle conditions. In the wild hummingbirds pollinate the flowers.
Song of india
13. Song of india
The song of india has distinctive leaves that stay green year-round. The plant's unique appearance and low-maintenance nature make it popular as a houseplant. The song of india is native to Indian Ocean islands including Madagascar, though not, oddly, to India itself.
Lambsquarters
14. Lambsquarters
Lambsquarters has many other names, including pigweed, goosefoot, and bacon weed. This plant seems to appear out of nowhere and is considered by many to be a pesky weed. However, the greens of this plant are edible, can be prepared similar to spinach, and are packed with nutrients.
Cotton grass
15. Cotton grass
Cotton grass (Eriophorum angustifolium) is a perennial that will grow from 20 to 102 cm tall. It blooms from spring to summer with small brown and green flowers. Flowers develop white seed heads that look like tufts of cotton. Has been used in Europe as a cotton substitute for making paper and other textiles. Commonly found growing in bogs and wetlands.
Mother of thousands
16. Mother of thousands
The mother of thousands is a succulent plant native to Madagascar. Its unusually-shaped leaves have granted it other monikers like "alligator plant" and "devil's backbone." It reproduces via the "plantlets" that grow along the periphery of its leaves. Though enjoyed for its decorative value, mother of thousands can be invasive in arid environments.
Pimpernel willowherb
17. Pimpernel willowherb
Pimpernel willowherb (Epilobium anagallidifolium) is a wildflower that you may see in cold northern boreal habitats and alpine and subalpine mountain locations further towards the south. This plant is a useful addition to any garden because it attracts hummingbirds, butterflies and other pollinating insects with its small trumpet-shaped flowers.
Iceland poppy
18. Iceland poppy
The iceland poppy (Papaver nudicaule) is a plant species that's sometimes cultivated as an ornamental species. When cultivating, the seeds should be planted in autumn and allowed to germinate in the presence of light. This species grows best in direct sunlight.
Peace lily
19. Peace lily
The peace lily gets its scientific name Spathiphyllum wallisii from a combination of the two Greek words ‘spath’ and ‘phyl’, which means spoon and leaves, respectively. The large graceful white spathe of the peace lily resembles a white flag, which is an international symbol of truce or peace.
Gloxinia
20. Gloxinia
Gloxinia (Sinningia speciosa) is a perennial plant that will grow from 15 to 30 cm tall. Foliage has a soft, velvety texture. Blooms in summer and produces large, ruffled, bell-shaped flowers that come in shades of blue, purple, pink, red, and white. Requires filtered light, full sun, or partial shade. Most commonly grown as a houseplant but can be taken outside in summer. Attracts hummingbirds and butterflies.
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Europe > Greenland

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More Plants in Greenland

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Most Common Toxic Plants

Greenland's harsh subarctic climate limits plant diversity, but some toxic species, such as , , and , manage to thrive. The cold-resistant flora occasionally includes poisonous variants that pose risks to local wildlife and humans. Areas with slightly warmer temperatures and human habitation see a higher concentration of these toxic plants. Regular monitoring is crucial to control their spread and mitigate potential dangers.

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Most Common Flowers

Greenland's harsh climate and rocky soil provide a unique habitat for native flowers to flourish. Amongst the diverse range of flora, three characteristic blossoms emerge: , , and . These resilient flowers not only add visual beauty to the landscape but also hold symbolic and ecological significance. Precise information and reliable sources validate the importance of these flowers in Greenland's floral environment.

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Most Common Flowers of Spring

With the thawing ice, Greenland's Spring trumpets a dramatic shift in landscape. The sparse greenery bursts with color as , , and begin to bloom. These flowers not only signify the season's commencement but also embody resilience and hope, thriving in the Arctic chill. They decorate the valleys, bringing vibrancy to the once white expanses, crucial for local biodiversity.

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Most Common Spring Fruits

Amidst the thawing landscapes of Greenland's Spring, the arctic daylight re-energizes the sparse vegetation, coaxing the shy local fruit plants to life. The main harbingers of spring are the resilient , the hearty , and the delicate . These fruits, emerging with vibrant freshness, are treasured for their burst of flavor and nutritional value after the long winter months.

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Most Common Fruits

In Greenland, a challenging yet unique environment, characteristics such as the cool summers, long daylight hours, and mineral-rich soil promote the growth of hardy local fruit plants. Notable among these are , , and , which have adapted to the arctic climate. These fruits are not only a testament to the resilience of local agriculture but are also pivotal to the cultural traditions and diet of the Greenlandic people.

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Most Common Trees

Greenland's climatic and soil conditions are conducive for the growth of indigenous trees. Among the emblematic trees in this territory are the , , and . These trees hold great significance in the region, both culturally and ecologically. They contribute to the biodiversity of Greenland and provide habitat for various species. The , , and exemplify the resilience and beauty of the native vegetation in Greenland.

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Most Common Weeds

In the harsh and often cold conditions of Greenland, a tenacious variety of garden weeds still manage to flourish. Leveraging the brief summer melt, , , and prevail as prevalent nuisances in otherwise well-tended gardens. These hardy interlopers frequently challenge gardeners, demanding consistent vigilance to prevent them from overrunning native plants and cultivated landscapes.

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Most Common Tall Trees

Greenland's harsh climate and tundra landscape are generally inhospitable to towering trees; however, in sheltered areas with slightly milder conditions, limited tree growth is possible. Here, the small birch and willow species are some of the few to punctuate the low-growing vegetation. It is within this context that , , and stand as anomalies—fractions taller, symbolizing perseverance and serving as ecological beacons within Greenland's predominantly treeless expanse, although no trees in Greenland reach forest-like heights or significant diameters common in more temperate zones.

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Most Common Flowers of Winter

Winter in Greenland is a serene and frosty environment, yet it is home to several resilient flower plants that brave the chill. Among these flowers are , , and . These blossoms not only bring beauty to the winter landscape but also symbolize resilience and hope in the face of adversity. Their ability to thrive in such a harsh climate showcases the remarkable adaptability of nature.

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