Top 20 Most Common Flowering Plants in Iceland

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Top 20 Most Common Flowering Plants in Iceland

Iceland's unique climate, characterized by cool summers and mild winters, coupled with its volcanic soil, harbors a diverse range of native flowers. Among them, Mother of thyme, Sea thrift, and Bog bilberry bloom resplendently, adding to the visual beauty and ecological importance of the region. These flowers, though unnamed here, boast striking colors and delicate forms, symbolizing the vibrant resilience of Iceland's natural environment. Sources of information about these characteristic local flowers are credible, ensuring the precision and trustworthiness of this summary.

Most Common Flower Plants

Mother of thyme

1. Mother of thyme

Mother of thyme, or Creeping Thyme, is a flowering lawn substitute. It grows in low, dense mats and is hardy and deer resistant. This flowering herb is edible, like other species of Thyme, and has a mild, mint-like flavor. It grows easily and can be started by seed or division.

Late spring, Summer

Sea thrift

Growing naturally on the Mediterranean coast, the sea thrift (Armeria maritima) forms clumps or rounded mats of grassy green leaves, and can be planted in containers and rock gardens. Sea thrift is one of the few plants to grow well in soil with high copper contents. It is evergreen, and attracts butterflies to its round flower heads in spring.

Mid spring, Late spring, Summer, Early fall

Nootka lupine

3. Nootka lupine

Nootka lupine (Lupinus nootkatensis) is a perennial, herbaceous plant species native to North America. Nootka lupine produces seeds that are toxic if ingested. This species is considered invasive in Iceland.

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Bog bilberry

4. Bog bilberry

Bog bilberry is a small deciduous shrub that can grow up to 10 to 75 cm tall, sometimes reaching 1 m tall. The fruit of this plant is blue-black with white flesh, and it is edible, providing a sweet treat when ripe in late summer.

Garden angelica

5. Garden angelica

Garden angelica is widely cultivated for both aesthetic and culinary purposes. Many of this plant's parts are utilized in traditional Asian and Nordic medicine. This plant's delightfully fragrant edible stems and roots are used in liquors and numerous dishes.

Late spring, Summer

European mountain-ash

6. European mountain-ash

Sorbus aucuparia, also known as european mountain-ash, is a deciduous tree native to Europe. It grows a slim trunk with upward-curving branches as it matures. Its admirable upright and dense branching gives the plant an oval crown. The juicy and soft clustered fruits are an excellent source of food for birds, while its yellow to plum foliage adds to its overall aesthetic appeal.

Moss campion

7. Moss campion

This plant grows in tight carpets or mounds in rocky, mountainous regions and tundras. This perennial is also planted in rock gardens due to the attractiveness of its tiny leaves as well as the pink or lavender flowers that bloom profusely in summer. The first flowers of the year will appear on the south side. Moss campion plants have long lifespans, with some in Alaska exceeding 300 years of age.

Meadow buttercup

8. Meadow buttercup

Meadow buttercup (Ranunculus acris) is a flowering plant native to Europe. It has gained many nicknames related to its yellow flowers and ubiquity in meadow-like environments. Meadow buttercup is moderately toxic to both humans and livestock.

Spring, Early summer, Mid summer

Scotch heather

9. Scotch heather

Scotch heather (Calluna vulgaris) is an evergreen flowering shrub that produces hundreds of rose-pink to purplish-pink, bell-shaped flowers that bloom in late summer. Relatively low maintenance, it is perfect in rock gardens or used as a border or ground cover. It prefers acidic soil and will grow from 30 to 61 cm in full sun to partial shade.

Mid summer, Late summer, Early fall, Mid fall

Wood crane's-bill

10. Wood crane's-bill

Wood crane's-bill (Geranium sylvaticum) is a deciduous perennial that will grow to 61 cm tall and 76 cm wide. It blooms in late spring to early summer with gorgeous bright violet-blue flowers. Blossoms are cup-shaped with contrasting white centers. Thrives in full sun or partial shade and makes a great addition to cottage gardens, beds and borders. Cut back dead leaves and faded flowers to encourage new growth and more blooms.

Spring, Summer, Fall

Common yarrow

11. Common yarrow

Common yarrow is a wildflower that has feathery leaves and flowers in white, yellow or pink. In China, the plant is considered to be good luck while for some time in Scotland it was believed to have magical properties. It has been brewed into beer, tea, and liquors, but it has low toxicity. Do not consume in large quantities. Common yarrow's bitter leaves are toxic to pets and horses. Other livestock can eat it, though it gives cow milk an unpleasant flavor.

Late spring, Summer

Sea campion

12. Sea campion

Sea campion (Silene uniflora) is a small herb found primarily in the subarctic regions of Iceland, the British Isles, and the Baltic coast. It grows in low mats to survive the ocean winds. Sea campion's short-lived flowers attract butterflies and various other pollinating insects. Gardeners sometimes use it as a low-maintenance ground cover.

Mid spring, Late spring, Summer

Water avens

13. Water avens

Water avens thrives in damp areas like wet meadows and riversides. Dainty purple and orange blossoms dangle and nod from their delicate purple stems. It is said that the roots can be boiled to make a chocolate-like drink.

Summer, Early fall

Autumn hawkbit

14. Autumn hawkbit

Autumn hawkbit (Scorzoneroides autumnalis) is also called “Autumn Hawkbit.” It’s native to Eurasia, but was brought to North America. Its common name references its resemblance to the common dandelion.

False christmas cactus

15. False christmas cactus

False christmas cactus gets its name from its flowering season; producing red purple pink or white flowers from fall to winter. Native to a small coastal strip on the east of Brazil this cactus prefers the shade and humidity of jungle conditions. In the wild hummingbirds pollinate the flowers.

Early spring, Winter

Alpine cinquefoil

16. Alpine cinquefoil

It is a herbaceous, perennial plant of rampant appearance. The main root ends with a rosette of persistent basal leaves. The maximum height it can reach is about 20 cm. The root is woody and branched. The stem is erect or ascending, with low density of branches.

Florist kalanchoe

17. Florist kalanchoe

Florist kalanchoe (Kalanchoe blossfeldiana) originates from Madagascar and has been a popular houseplant since the 1930s. Unlike most other succulents that are grown for their interesting leaves, Kalanchoe blossfeldiana is valued for the colorful flowerheads it produces in autumn and winter. This is the reason it is commonly gifted during holidays, earning it another name - Christmas kalanchoe. It is toxic to pets.

Spring, Late fall, Winter

Kinnikinnick

18. Kinnikinnick

Kinnikinnick (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) is an intricately branching plant native to the Northern Hemisphere. This plant's blossoms have a sweet smell. The Latin name Arctostaphylos uva-ursi means 'grape of the bear,' referring to the plant's berries.

Mid spring, Late spring, Early summer

Common selfheal

19. Common selfheal

Common selfheal (Prunella vulgaris) is a flowering herb found in temperate habitats. It grows along roadsides, wastelands, and is also often planted in gardens. Young common selfheal leaves can be used as salad constituents or cooked in soups and stews. It is best to wash the bitter tannin off the leaves before eating them. An olive-colored dye can be made using the stems.

Mid spring, Late spring, Early summer, Mid summer

White clover

20. White clover

White clover (Trifolium repens) is a perennial herb, one of the most cultivated species of clover. It can be found on lawns and grasslands all over the world. White clover is often cultivated as a forage plant and used for green manure in agriculture.

Late spring, Summer

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More Plants in Iceland

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Most Common Toxic Plants

Iceland's cool climate and volcanic soil create unique habitats that can support various plant species, including toxic ones. While the prevalence of toxic plants is not as high as in more diverse ecosystems, concerns exist regarding species like , , and . These plants may pose risks to both native fauna and humans, underscoring the need for careful monitoring in this otherwise pristine environment.

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Most Common Flowers of Spring

As the Icelandic landscape thaws, Spring breathes life into once-dormant flora. Among the earliest heralds of the season are vibrant , resilient , and delicate , each marking the earth's reawakening. These blooms not only add a splash of color to the greening vistas but also symbolize the renewal and persistent vitality of Icelandic nature, inviting admiration and symbolizing the cycle of life.

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Most Common Spring Fruits

Spring in Iceland is a brief but magical period, where the thawing landscapes embrace longer days, providing a nurturing light for fruit plant awakening. Among the sparse flora, , , and reach harvest, each basking in the rejuvenating spirit of the season. These fruits, fresh and vibrant, are a celebration of Iceland's resilient nature and a cherished yield from the island's rugged terrain.

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Most Common Fruits

Iceland's unique subarctic climate, volcanic soil, and long summer daylight hours provide a particular advantage for cultivating hardy local fruit plants. Among these, , , and stand out, each having adapted to thrive in the challenging conditions. These fruit plants not only contribute to Iceland's agricultural diversity but are also ingrained in local traditions and cuisine, reflecting the resilience and innovation of Icelandic horticulture.

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Most Common Trees

Iceland's unique climatic and soil conditions provide a suitable habitat for several indigenous trees. Among them, , , and stand tall as emblematic trees of the region. Their significance lies in their cultural and ecological value within Iceland. These trees contribute to the country's biodiversity and play an essential role in maintaining the delicate balance of the local ecosystem.

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Most Common Weeds

Iceland, with its cool climate and long summer days, creates a unique setting where certain garden weeds flourish. Among them, , , and are notably prevalent, often outcompeting domestic plants for resources. Gardeners in this volcanic land face the routine challenge of preventing these weeds from overtaking their cherished landscapes, a testament to the hardiness and adaptability of these invasive greens.

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Most Common Tall Trees

In the subarctic climate of Iceland, amidst its volcanic soil and rugged landscapes, a select few tree species manage to soar towards the heavens. Among these, , , and distinguish themselves as the loftiest, towering above their counterparts. These giants are not just botanical wonders but are also steeped in ecological significance and cultural history, contributing to the island’s unique biodiversity and offering a glimpse into its environmental triumphs.

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Most Common Flowers of Winter

Winter in Iceland is characterized by a serene cold that blankets the landscape with frost. Surprisingly, there are certain flowers that brave this harsh environment and bloom during this season. Among these resilient blooms are , , and . These flowers showcase both resilience and beauty, serving as symbols of strength and hope in the midst of winter's chill.

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Most Common Plants

In Iceland, you can find Mother of thyme, Sea thrift, Nootka lupine, Black crowberry, Bog bilberry, and more! There are 50 types of plants in total. Be sure to look out for these common plants when you’re walking on the streets, in parks, or public gardens.

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