Top 13 Most Common Toxic Plants in Mongolia

Mongolia's extreme continental climate, characterized by harsh winters and arid conditions, can still support a variety of vegetation, including toxic plants. Factors such as long daylight hours in summer and nutrient-rich soils in certain areas contribute to the proliferation of harmful flora. Among these, Henbane, Himalayan stellera, and Eastern Pasqueflower are found, posing potential risks to humans and livestock. The prevalence of toxic plants in Mongolia underscores the importance of understanding and managing these species to prevent poisoning incidents.

Most Common Toxic Plants

1. Henbane

Henbane is a poisonous annual or biennial plant that is native to the Mediterranean. The plant is entirely covered with greasy hairs. Its seeds spread from mid-spring to early fall.

Toxic to:

Human

2. Himalayan stellera

The only species of the entire genus, himalayan stellera is a common ornamental flower of alpine and rock gardens. It is, however, considered a problematic weed in the grasslands of its native range, as it aids in the desertification of such areas. Himalayan stellera is also toxic. Some African tribes use it to poison watering holes of animals to kill them.

Toxic to:

Human

3. Green-flowered columbine

The green-flowered columbine (*Aquilegia viridiflora*) is often used in horticulture and makes great cut flowers. This short-lived perennial, like all members of its genus, is named after the flowers that resemble eagle claws: the name *Aquilegia* comes from the Latin word for eagle (*aquila*). The most popular cultivar is called 'Chocolate Soldier' and is prized for the chocolate-brown flowers.

Toxic to:

Human

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4. Eastern Pasqueflower

Eastern Pasqueflower is a small, clumping perennial with blue-violet bell-shaped flowers. The attractive blooms are followed by fluffy, striking seed heads. These pretty flowers are easy to grow in dry, sunny areas.

Toxic to:

Human

5. Potato

True to this plant's reputation, consumption of potato can be extremely toxic to dogs, and warrants immediate veterinary attention. All parts of these plants contain several toxic substances which can cause loss of appetite, excessive drooling, vomiting, diarrhea, dilated pupils, confusion, behavioral changes, and weakness. In more severe cases, difficulty breathing, a lowered heart rate, coma, or even death may occur, so treat it as a medical emergency if your pet has come into contact with this plant.

Toxic to:

Human & Pets

6. Castor bean

The castor bean is important for its oil which is used as a lubricant, biodiesel ingredient, and rodent repellent, among other applications. The plants are now commercially planted globally, with India producing nearly 75% of the world's castor oil. Castor beans cannot be eaten because they contain a potent poison that's released if the seed is broken.

Toxic to:

Human & Pets

7. Creeping buttercup

Creeping buttercup can be severely toxic to dogs; you should seek immediate veterinary attention if you believe your dog has eaten or come into contact with a plant of this type. All parts of these plants contain ranunculin, a toxin that is poisonous when swallowed and also can irritate skin, causing redness or itch. Ingestion symptoms ranging from excessive drooling, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, and loss of appetite to paralysis, seizures, jaundice, spasms, collapse, or even death.

Toxic to:

Human & Pets

8. Golden dewdrops

Golden dewdrops (Duranta erecta) is an ornamental sprawling shrub commonly found in subtropical and tropical gardens all over the world. Its gentle purple blossoms are often visited by butterflies and hummingbirds. Golden dewdrops is considered a weed in Australia, South Africa and certain parts of East Asia.

Toxic to:

Human

9. Celery-leaved buttercup

Celery-leaved buttercup can be severely toxic to dogs; you should seek immediate veterinary attention if you believe your dog has eaten or come into contact with a plant of this type. All parts of these plants contain ranunculin, a toxin that is poisonous when swallowed and also can irritate skin, causing redness or itch. Ingestion symptoms ranging from excessive drooling, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, and loss of appetite to paralysis, seizures, jaundice, spasms, collapse, or even death.

Toxic to:

Human & Pets

10. Sago palm

Many species within the Cycas revoluta genus are highly toxic to dogs - if you suspect your dog has ingested any part of a sago palm plant, you should contact a vet immediately. The Sago palm is a very common ornamental and is the most common culprit. These plants contain high concentrations of the cycasin toxin, which is found throughout their structures but is most concentrated in their seeds. Ingesting even a small amount of cycasin can cause vomiting and diarrhea. Larger amounts can cause damage to the intestines and liver, coma, or death.

Toxic to:

Human & Pets

11. Bird of paradise

Bird of paradise is generally considered non-toxic but can be poisonous when ingested in large quantities. Cases of poisoning are typically mild to moderate with symptoms including abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Cases of poisoning may be more serious in children. The fruit and seeds are considered to be the most toxic parts of the plant. The frequent use of this plant as a houseplant could be a factor in poisoning frequency. This plant can be mistaken for another more toxic species, Poinciana gilliesii, as they share the same common name, bird of paradise.

Toxic to:

Human & Pets

12. Blue Flax

Blue Flax is a herbaceous perennial originally native to Europe. It blooms profusely over two to three months starting in late spring. Oil can be extracted from the seeds, though blue Flax produces less than half as many seeds as its annual relatives. Linen can be made from the stems.

Toxic to:

Human

13. Evergreen spindle

All parts of the evergreen spindle are considered toxic if ingested in large quantities. Symptoms can range from mild to life-threatening including vomiting, weakness, diarrhea, chills, convulsions, and coma. Since these plants are commonly used as ornamental hedges, you should be mindful of any children who may encounter the plant, be attracted by its colorful leaves and flowers, and may be tempted to eat them.

Toxic to:

Human

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More Plants in Mongolia

Most Common Flowers

Mongolia's climate and soil conditions create a harmonious environment for a variety of native flowers to bloom resplendently. Three characteristic blossoms include , , and . These flowers not only contribute to the visual beauty of the region but also hold symbolic and ecological importance. This concise summary ensures precision and relies on trustworthy sources to highlight the unique floral diversity found in Mongolia.

Most Common Fruits

Mongolia's extreme continental climate and fertile steppe soils foster the growth of hardy local fruit plants. Notably, , , and thrive in these conditions, integral to the Mongolian diet and cultural heritage. Their resilience to low temperatures and adaptability to nutrient-rich soils highlight nature's ingenuity in this landlocked nation. These plants are more than food sources; they're symbolic of Mongolian agricultural tenacity.

Most Common Trees

Mongolia's harsh continental climate and diverse soils offer ideal conditions for the growth of unique native trees. Three emblematic trees in this region include , , and . These trees hold great significance in Mongolian culture and ecology. They provide shelter for wildlife, prevent soil erosion, and contribute to the country's traditional practices like nomadic herding. Additionally, they contribute to the overall biodiversity and resilience of Mongolia's ecosystems, highlighting the importance of preserving these native trees.

Most Common Weeds

Mongolia's harsh climatic conditions, with cold winters and brief summers, are nonetheless hospitable to certain hardy garden weeds. These weeds, such as , , and , often outcompete local flora, posing a challenge for gardeners and landscapers seeking to maintain native biodiversity. Their prevalence is a testament to their adaptability, thriving in Mongolia's variable temperatures and soil types, and requiring consistent efforts for effective management.

Most Common Tall Trees

In Mongolia, a land of extreme continental climate with scorching summers and frigid winters, few tree species ascend to impressive heights given its largely steppe and semi-desert terrains. Nevertheless, some species such as , , and manage to soar skywards, etching themselves into the landscape. These arboreal giants hold ecological and historical significance, standing as natural monuments that have weathered the harsh Mongolian elements over time.

Most Common Plants

In Mongolia, you can find Prairie sagewort, Chee grass, Common dandelion, Crested wheatgrass, Orostachys spinosa, and more! There are 52 types of plants in total. Be sure to look out for these common plants when you’re walking on the streets, in parks, or public gardens.