Top 20 Most Common Trees in Mongolia

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Top 20 Most Common Trees in Mongolia

Mongolia's harsh continental climate and diverse soils offer ideal conditions for the growth of unique native trees. Three emblematic trees in this region include Siberian elm, Siberian peashrub, and Silver birch. These trees hold great significance in Mongolian culture and ecology. They provide shelter for wildlife, prevent soil erosion, and contribute to the country's traditional practices like nomadic herding. Additionally, they contribute to the overall biodiversity and resilience of Mongolia's ecosystems, highlighting the importance of preserving these native trees.

Most Common Trees

Siberian elm

1. Siberian elm

Siberian elm is a deciduous plant recently introduced to Southern Europe from Asia. The plant rapidly resprouts from its roots and is considered invasive. It is planted to break winds and control soil erosion. The plant is quite hardy and can grow in soils that are saline or polluted.

Siberian peashrub

2. Siberian peashrub

The siberian peashrub is generally used as a hedgerow. It has long and tubular flowers with eight to twelve pairs of leaflets. This small tree is planted as an ornamental for landscape projects but can become invasive if not maintained. It attracts butterflies because of its yellow flowers.

Bird cherry

Bird cherry (Prunus padus) is a small deciduous cherry tree in the subgenus Padus. This species is native to Europe, where it is also known as the Mayday tree because of its historical importance in spring (May Day) festivals. The bird cherry is pollinated by bees and flies. The leaves, stems, and fruits of this species can be toxic to some mammals. In the past, the bark of this tree was traditionally placed near doorways as a spiritual gesture to ward off the plague.

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Silver birch

4. Silver birch

The silver birch is native to Europe, Siberia, and China. It can grow between 15 m and 25 m, with a potential to reach 31 m. Its distinct bark is white and eventually becomes flaky. The leaves are pale green during summer and yellow during fall.

Savin juniper

5. Savin juniper

Savin juniper is a poisonous coniferous shrub native to parts of Europe and Asia. It is often cultivated as a hedge and is resistant to deer, drought and pollution. It is easy to grow but does not tolerate wet soils.

Scots pine

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) is a native Eurasian pine plant that grows on nutrient-poor, dry, rocky soils. Given the name, it should come as no surprise that scots pine is the national tree of Scotland. It is also important within the forestry industry due to its use for wood pulp and timber.

Blue spruce

The blue spruce (Picea pungens) is an evergreen conifer with a beautiful, thick crown. It gets the "blue" name because its needles have a bluish tint, unlike other pine trees whose needles are a simpler green. This unique appearance has helped to make the blue spruce one of the world's favorite ornamental conifers, and it's especially popular in Christmas tree production. Historically, these trees have also served other ornamental purposes.

Common lilac

8. Common lilac

Common lilac is a shrub native to the Balkan Peninsula that blooms with a fragrant blossom. It grows on rocky terrain and has a suckering habit. The blossoms are used to flavor honey, sugars, food, and other delights and farmed for its fragrant flowers in the spring.

European aspen

9. European aspen

European aspen (Populus tremula) is a poplar tree species native to Europe, Asia, and Iceland. It's a dioecious species, which means that individual flowers are either female or male. However, only flowers of a single-sex are found on each individual plant. The tree depends on the wind for pollination.

Box elder

Box elder (Acer negundo) is a type of maple tree native to North America, but which is now found throughout the world. It is a hardy, medium-to-large tree that grows quickly and has a relatively short lifespan of up to 60 years. Older trees are prone to storm damage. Box elder wood is relatively flimsy because the tree grows so fast.

Siberian crab apple

11. Siberian crab apple

Siberian crab apple (Malus baccata) is an Asian relative of the more popular orchard apple tree. It is an introduced species in Europe and North America. The tree grows too large to fit easily into ornamental gardens, but, ironically, it is also used as a bonsai tree. This tree is also used for rootstock as a base onto which other species are grafted and grown.

Apricot

Apricot (Prunus armeniaca) is a fruit-bearing plant species native to Asia. Although the genus name, "Prunus," means plum, the fruits of this tree are actually apricots. The seeds are occasionally used as substitutes for almonds because they share a similar shape and nutty taste. The apricot has been cultivated by humans for centuries, and was even discovered in the remains of ancient Armenian settlements.

Basket willow

13. Basket willow

Salix viminalis has the ability to grow in highly-polluted soils and absorb heavy metals and store them in its leaves. Therefore is a very useful plant with the potential to help clean an ecosystem. The common name basket willow comes from the use of its flexible twigs in basketry.

Money tree

Colloquially known as the money tree, this is a tropical species that's commonly cultivated in moist, warm climates. The name comes from an old tall tale, but it has led to the money tree being considered a talisman of good fortune. Bonsai versions are often trained during growth to develop braided trunks, which gives them a striking decorative appearance. Modern research suggests the nuts are potentially carcinogenic and should not be consumed.

North china red elder

15. North china red elder

North china red elder (Sambucus williamsii) is a deciduous tree that tends not to grow very tall. Native to northern China, it produces round clusters of bright red berries and showy panicles of white flowers. The berries attract a variety of birds. All members of this genus are toxic to humans, however.

European mountain-ash

16. European mountain-ash

Sorbus aucuparia, also known as european mountain-ash, is a deciduous tree native to Europe. It grows a slim trunk with upward-curving branches as it matures. Its admirable upright and dense branching gives the plant an oval crown. The juicy and soft clustered fruits are an excellent source of food for birds, while its yellow to plum foliage adds to its overall aesthetic appeal.

Flowering almond

17. Flowering almond

A large ornamental deciduous shrub, the flowering almond, bears prolific pale pink and white blossoms in the spring. The rosette-like blossoms can provide a wonderful accent to a courtyard or garden. Its red fruits can be eaten by squirrels and other small animals.

Black poplar

18. Black poplar

Black poplar (Populus nigra) is a medium- to large-sized deciduous tree which can be naturally found in many alluvial European forests. It is a fast-growing tree, with a wide crown which is a common nesting place for different species of birds. Due to the degradation of its natural habitat, black poplar has become an endangered species in certain areas.

Balsam poplar

19. Balsam poplar

Balsam poplar is a hardy, fast-growing tree. It’s the northernmost North American hardwood. Its buds have a delightful fragrance reminiscent of a balsam fir. The wood is relatively soft and is used for pulp in the papermaking process. The resinous sap that oozes from its buds is used by bees as a hive disinfectant.

Lemon

Lemon is a cultivated small evergreen tree known for its yellow, juicy, sour fruits full of citric acid. Its origins are unknown, but it was probably first created in India, China, or Burma as a hybrid of sour orange (Citrus × aurantium) and citron (Citrus medica). It is commercial fruit cultivated in warm regions around the world.

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As Mongolia thaws from its frigid winters, Spring breathes life into the steppes, cueing an array of flowers to awaken. Among them, , with its hardy vibrancy, heralds the season's start, while the symbolic blankets the meadows in a celebration of renewal. Not to be outshone, punctuates the landscape, underpinning the importance of Spring's bloom to the local ecosystem and culture.

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Most Common Fruits

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Most Common Weeds

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