Natal plum - Carissa macrocarpa (Care, Characteristics, Flower, Images, Toxic)

Natal plum

Also known as: Amatungulu

Nearly all parts of the natal plum are poisonous except for the fruit, which is red when ripe and quite delicious. It is a hardy plant, in the same family as the Oleander, and its thorns make it a good choice for barrier hedges. The white flowers are fragrant and keep blooming across two seasons.

Scientific classification

Species

Natal plum (Carissa macrocarpa)

Gentians, dogbanes, madders, and allies

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Toxic to Humans

Toxicity

Perennial

Lifespan

Shrub

Plant Type

Mid spring, Late spring, Summer, Early fall

Bloom Time

All year round

Harvest Time

1.8 m to 4.5 m

Plant Height

90 cm

Spread

Green

Leaf Color

2.5 cm to 5 cm

Flower Size

Red, Green, Purple, Burgundy, Lavender

Fruit Color

White

Flower Color

Green

Stem Color

Non-dormant

Dormancy

Evergreen

Leaf type

20 - 38 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Images of Natal plum

Distribution of Natal plum

Distribution Map

Natal plum (Carissa macrocarpa) can be seen growing wild in coastal rainforests over its native spread across central and southern Africa. This species has been introduced to China, parts of Central America and the Caribbean and also to several southern US states. This plant is not classed as an invasive species.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Introduced

No species reported

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Habitat

Sand dunes, edges of coastal forests

Hemisphere Trend Curve

Northern

Sorthern

Flowering

Fruiting

Culture

Garden Use

Natal plum’s most useful quality for gardeners is its sturdy, spiny, evergreen foliage and branches. This makes it a great choice for screening or hedges, where it looks dense and finely textured. Its flowers and fruits also provide visual interest. It is often planted alongside Vinca, Petunia, and Bottlebrush.

Symbolism

Beware, stay out, handle with care

Interesting Facts

A traditional fruit in Africa, the natal plum is being explored for its possible use to provide economic stability, support the economy and bring independence to women’s groups in the region. Looking to improve rural development, provide nutrition and discover more sustainable food sources, the fruit of the natal plum is often used to make jam, sauces and desserts.

Name Story

Natal plum: Carissa macrocarpa is called the Natal Plum because it is native to the Natal area of South Africa in the north direction to Mozambique.

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Toxicity

Natal plum is mildly toxic. Ingestion or contact with its unripe fruit or sap may cause diarrhea, vomiting, and allergic reactions. Both cats and dogs are at risk. Symptoms for animals include gastrointestinal upset, vomiting, diarrhea, and depression. Immediate veterinary attention is essential if ingestion occurs to mitigate the effects and ensure prompt treatment for pets.

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Quickly Identify Natal plum

Smooth, simple, and opposite leaves with waxy surface; tips bear single thorn.

Star-shaped white flowers with five distinct lobes, approximately 2 inches (5 cm) across.

Oval-shaped fruit, 0.6 - 2 inches (1.5 - 5 cm) long, transitioning from green to red to dark crimson.

Smooth, greenish stems with longitudinal ridges and double-pronged thorns less than 5 cm (2 inches).

Robust shrub with forked spines about 1/2 inch (1.3 cm) long, capable of growing up to 30 feet (9 meters).

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Care Guide for Natal plum

Every 1-2 weeks

Water

Full sun

Sunlight

20 - 38 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Garden Soil

Soil Type

Water: Natal plum, native to arid South Africa, thrives with minimal moisture and has high drought tolerance. It requires watering every 1-2 weeks and prefers well-draining soil. Overwatering can harm its health, making it well-suited for outdoor growth in various climates.

Fertilize: Fertilize natal plum using high phosphorus for flowering or a balanced fertilizer for health. From spring to fall, apply 1/4 to 1/2 dose monthly, reducing in winter. Use less for young or potted natal plum. Over-fertilization may harm natal plum; ensure even distribution and thorough watering.

Pruning: Natal plum thrives with early spring pruning, promoting new growth and shape maintenance. Remove dead branches and thin dense areas for better air circulation. Regular pruning enhances ornamental value and fruit production. Always use sanitized tools to minimize disease risk, and consult local horticultural sources for specific advice.

Propagation: Natal plum is best propagated from cuttings in spring and summer. This process is moderately easy, with successful growth indicated by new leaf formation. Use well-draining soil to prevent root rot.

Repotting: Repot natal plum every 2-3 years in spring using a pot 2-3 inches wider. After repotting, water regularly to support root establishment, avoiding waterlogging. Pruning post-repotting encourages growth and shape, aligning with natal plum's drought-tolerant nature.

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Images of Natal plum

Distribution of Natal plum

Culture

Toxicity

Quickly Identify Natal plum

Care Guide for Natal plum

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