Perennial cornflower (Centaurea montana)

Perennial cornflower

Also known as: Mountain bluet, Bachelor's button, Knapweed, Great blue-bottle

Grown as a garden plant and as a cut flower, the perennial cornflower is a flowering plant endemic to the mountainous meadows and woodlands of Europe. Despite being inedible, this plant is widely utilized for medical purposes in Central Europe. It has grown invasive in British Columbia. Bees, butterflies, moths, and other pollinators are attracted to this plant.

Scientific classification

Species

Perennial cornflower (Centaurea montana)

Asters bellflowers fanflowers and allies

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Perennial, Annual

Lifespan

Herb

Plant Type

Spring, Summer, Fall

Bloom Time

30 cm to 70 cm

Plant Height

30 cm to 60 cm

Spread

Green, Gray

Leaf Color

5 cm

Flower Size

Cream, Brown

Fruit Color

Blue, Red, White, Pink, Violet

Flower Color

Green, Gray, Silver

Stem Color

Winter dormancy

Dormancy

Deciduous

Leaf type

Images of Perennial cornflower

Distribution of Perennial cornflower

Distribution Map

Perennial cornflower is primarily indigenous to the temperate regions of Europe and is widely naturalized beyond its native range. It has been introduced to parts of North America, Northern Europe, and Oceanic countries, where it has adapted to local ecosystems. Additionally, perennial cornflower is cultivated in various regions, indicating its broader horticultural acceptance.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Introduced

No species reported

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Habitat

Mountain woodland margins and meadows.

Hemisphere Trend Curve

Northern

Sorthern

Culture

Garden Use

The short stature of perennial cornflower makes this early-summer flowering plant an attractive option at the front of perennial garden borders. It is also valuable in garden sites with low soil moisture and for planting in low-maintenance gardens.

Interesting Facts

Various types of insects are attracted to the showy flowers of Centaurea montana. It attracts butterflies, but bumblebees are particularly attracted to its flowers, while slugs like to feed on its leaves.

Name Story

Mountain bluet: This wonderful European wildflower with deep-blue or violet flowers can be found across mountains, meadows, and woodland of continental Europe. Its natural habit and the color of its delicate flowers gave this wildflower the common name perennial cornflower.

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Cultivars

There are several recognized cultivars of Perennial cornflower, including the following common varieties :

Mountain bluet 'Jordy'Mountain bluet 'Purple Heart'Mountain bluet 'Alba'

Quickly Identify Perennial cornflower

Distinct solitary blooms with fringed, vibrant blue petals and reddish-blue center.

Involucre bracts with black edging framing the striking flower center.

Lance-shaped, green leaves up to 7 inches (18 cm) long, with prominent parallel veins.

Erect, hairy stems reaching 1-2 feet (30-60 cm) in height, often unbranched.

Fruit with fine, straw-colored texture and tuft of light brown bristles at tip.

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Care Guide for Perennial cornflower

Every week

Water

Full sun

Sunlight

20 - 35 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Garden Soil

Soil Type

Water: Perennial cornflower thrives in moderate moisture conditions, tolerating brief dry spells. Weekly watering is ideal, avoiding waterlogging. Mulching significantly aids moisture retention, reducing watering frequency during the growing season, enhancing its growth as an herbaceous perennial cultivated outdoors.

Fertilize: For optimal growth of perennial cornflower, regular fertilization is vital. Use balanced N-P-K fertilizers in spring and switch to high-phosphorus blends pre-bloom. Fertilize twice during the growing season while adjusting amounts based on perennial cornflower's size, promoting lush growth and abundant blooms.

Pruning: Perennial cornflower features vibrant blue flowers and bushy growth. Prune in early spring to encourage vigor and again post-first bloom for a second flowering. Clean cuts near leaf nodes promote healthier foliage and extended blooms, while regular trimming prevents overcrowding and enhances air circulation, reducing disease risk.

Propagation: Perennial cornflower flourishes in well-drained soil with full to partial sun. Propagation through division is recommended; ensure each division has a healthy root system and shoot. After division, water and shade the new plants to aid recovery and acclimation.

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Images of Perennial cornflower

Distribution of Perennial cornflower

Culture

Cultivars

Quickly Identify Perennial cornflower

Care Guide for Perennial cornflower

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Common Pests & Diseases