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Thorny olive
Also known as: Silverthorn, Autumn-olive
Thorny olive (Elaeagnus pungens) is a flowering shrub native to Asia. Thorny olive is also commonly called silverthorn. In the United States, thorny olive is planted ornamentally in landscaping in the southeastern region. Thorny olive grows in variable temperate conditions, and it attracts birds.
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Perennial
Lifespan
Shrub
Plant Type
Mid spring, Late spring, Early summer, Mid summer
Bloom Time
Summer
Harvest Time
7 m
Plant Height
4 m
Spread
Green, Yellow, Silver
Leaf Color
2.5 cm
Flower Size
Red, Brown
Fruit Color
White, Yellow, Cream
Flower Color
Green, White, Brown
Stem Color
Winter dormancy
Dormancy
Evergreen
Leaf type
15 - 35 ℃
Ideal Temperature
Fall
Growth Season
Rapid
Growth Rate

Images of Thorny olive

Distribution of Thorny olive

Distribution Map
Thorny olive is a plant naturally found in East Asia. It has been introduced and has acclimatized to various parts of North America, Europe, and Oceania. Today, thorny olive enjoys a broad range that extends across several continents, thriving in various temperate regions. Moreover, it is widely cultivated beyond its native habitat.
Native
Cultivated
Invasive
Introduced
No species reported
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Habitat
Sunny slopes, road sides, thickets in lowlands, by the sea
Hemisphere Trend Curve

Culture

Garden Use
Thorny olive is a popular evergreen shrub prized for its dense foliage and red berries. It is commonly used as part of a hedge or a focal point in a large garden. It is an essential part of mixed hedge gardens. Plant it with holly or boxwood to add different textures.
Symbolism
Healing, Peace, Fertility
Interesting Facts
Thorny olive is an invasive shrub in the United States, where it was introduced as an ornamental landscaping plant. This hardy shrub is tolerant of drought, pollution, and salt water, but will easily crowd out native plants. Controlling this species is best done by removal, however, these bushes can grow large and may need a chainsaw to cut out large branches.
Name Story
Thorny olive: This plant is a multi-branched shrub with strong invasive nature. However, due to its unique shape, it is widely cultivated and ornamented. Its greatest feature is that the stem is covered by thorns. Therefore, it is also known as thorny olive.
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Cultivars

There are several recognized cultivars of Thorny olive, including the following common varieties :

Quickly Identify Thorny olive

1
Distinctive silvery-white underside with brown scales on leaves.
2
Sharp scaling thorns on stems aiding in climbing.
3
Silvery-white bell-shaped flowers emitting a strong fragrance.
4
Oval 1/2 inch (1.27 cm) fruit transitioning from green to silvery-red.
5
Robust stem with irregular branching and 2-3 inch (5-7.5 cm) thorns.
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Care Guide for Thorny olive

Every 1-2 weeks
Water
Full sun
Sunlight
15 - 35 ℃
Ideal Temperature
Garden Soil
Soil Type
Water: Thorny olive, originating from East Asian forests, thrives in moderate moisture and tolerates brief droughts. Water every 1-2 weeks, allowing soil to slightly dry. Being evergreen, it needs well-draining soil to avoid root rot while ensuring adequate hydration during growth cycles.
Fertilize: For thorny olive, use balanced fertilizers with high nitrogen every 4-6 weeks during growth, reducing in winter. Apply as per label to prevent root burn. Fertilize in spring to enhance growth, and utilize slow-release formulas to prevent over-fertilization. Water post-fertilization for better nutrient absorption.
Pruning: Prune thorny olive in spring and summer for shape, and in winter for old, dried branches, reducing height by half. This promotes robust growth in spring. Avoid pruning on rainy days to prevent pest invasion, and wear thick gloves due to thorny branches.
Propagation: Thorny olive is propagated through healthy, semi-hardwood cuttings. Clean cuts and rooting hormone improve success rates when planted in a moist, well-draining mix. A warm, humid environment and consistent moisture promote robust root development, while protection from direct sunlight is essential for healthy growth.
Repotting: Repot thorny olive every 2-3 years in early spring to support growth. Select a pot slightly larger than the root ball, place in indirect light, and maintain consistent moisture. Use a well-draining soil mix to promote healthy root development for this resilient shrub.
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