Turkey oak (Quercus laevis)

Turkey oak

Also known as: Catesby Oak, Turkey-Foot Oak, Turkey foot oak

Turkey oak (Quercus laevis) is a perennial deciduous tree that will grow from 9 to 12 m tall with a spread of 3 to 4.5 m wide. A lovely shade tree, it makes a wonderful habitat for birds and squirrels. Foraged by woodpeckers, deer and wild turkeys, it provides many ecological benefits to wildlife. Noted for its hurricane-wind resistance, it is native to the southeastern United States.

Scientific classification

Species

Turkey oak (Quercus laevis)

Beeches, walnuts, and allied trees

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Toxic to Humans

Toxicity

Shrub

Plant Type

Spring, Late winter

Bloom Time

9 m to 12 m

Plant Height

6 m to 11 m

Spread

Yellow, Brown, Green, Red, Gold, Orange

Leaf Color

8 cm to 13 cm

Flower Size

Brown, Copper

Fruit Color

Yellow

Flower Color

Gray, Silver, Brown

Stem Color

Deciduous

Leaf type

Images of Turkey oak

Attributes of Turkey oak

Growth Rate

In the active growing seasons of spring and summer, turkey oak exhibits a rapid growth rate. This pace results in quick leaf production and a marked increase in height, presenting a dense canopy in a short timeframe. This rapidity might cause annual growth rings to appear closer together, signifying a year of vigorous growth. Particularly in summer, warmer temperatures and longer daylight hours stimulate faster development, leading to a growth spurt often observed in turkey oak.

Culture

Garden Use

Whether a shrub or tree, the turkey oak makes a showy specimen or shade tree in sandy woodland gardens. The deciduous tree is especially ornamental when the foliage takes on bright colors in the fall. In the spring, it produces subtle, yet interesting blooms. It grows well in sunny locations, and its acorns draw in small animals.

Symbolism

Protection, Health, Money

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Toxicity

Turkey oak is poisonous if ingested. The fruits (acorns) and leaves can cause abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, depression, frequent urination, discolored urine, or jaundice. Commonly found outdoors, along roadsides, and in parks, it poses a threat to children and adults who may eat the acorns. No cautions for direct physical contact.

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Quickly Identify Turkey oak

Distinctive turkey foot-shaped leaves with 3-7 lobes.

Male flowers in drooping catkins, 2-4 inches (5-10 cm) long.

Acorns with reddish-brown caps covering one-third of the nut.

Chestnut brown to grey stems with sparse fine hairs.

Mature bark with dark furrows, revealing reddish inner bark.

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Care Guide for Turkey oak

Every 2 weeks

Water

Full sun

Sunlight

15 - 35 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Garden Soil

Soil Type

Water: Turkey oak prefers moderate moisture and well-draining soil, mimicking its woodland habitat. Water every two weeks to keep the soil hydrated, without waterlogging. During the growing season, ensure adequate hydration for vigorous growth and healthy foliage while being mindful of seasonal rainfall.

Fertilize: Turkey oak thrives with balanced nutrition fertilizers in spring and high nitrogen in early fall, applied twice yearly. Follow manufacturer's instructions to avoid over-fertilization, which harms resilience. Tailor nutrient applications to growth stages, using soil tests for precise supplementation to enhance vigor and root development.

Pruning: Pruning turkey oak involves removing dead or crossing branches and thinning the canopy for better air circulation. Optimal pruning occurs in early spring, enhancing growth and shape. Regular inspections for disease are essential for maintaining vitality.

Propagation: Turkey oak, a long-lived member of the oak family, can be propagated through efficient sowing. Collect acorns immediately for viability and stratify by chilling them to break dormancy. Plant in well-drained soil at an equal depth, maintaining consistent moisture to promote root development and sapling growth.

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