How to identify Turkey oak (Quercus laevis)

How to identify Turkey oak (Quercus laevis)

Turkey oak, also known as Catesby Oak, Turkey-Foot Oak, Turkey foot oak

Turkey oak boasts a striking appearance, characterized by a broad and irregular-shaped crown formed by stout, spreading branches. The foliage is distinctive for its deeply and narrowly lobed leaves, which strikingly resemble a turkey's foot when showcasing 3 lobes. Each leaf predominantly exhibits autumnal hues, and interestingly, retains its color well into the winter even after the leaves have died. The overall height and growth structure enable this plant to be identified as both a small tree and a shrub.

Lifespan: Perennial

Plant Type: Shrub

Leaf Type: Deciduous

Quickly Identify Turkey oak

Distinctive turkey foot-shaped leaves with 3-7 lobes.

Male flowers in drooping catkins, 2-4 inches (5-10 cm) long.

Acorns with reddish-brown caps covering one-third of the nut.

Chestnut brown to grey stems with sparse fine hairs.

Mature bark with dark furrows, revealing reddish inner bark.

Detailed Traits of Turkey oak

Leaf Features

The leaves of turkey oak are alternate, simple, and range from 4 to 8 inches (10 to 20 cm) in length. They feature 3 to 7 bristle-tipped lobes, resembling a turkey foot. The upper surface is shiny green, while the underside is paler with a few red hairs along the midvein. In the fall, the leaves turn red to red-brown and can persist into winter. They hang perpendicularly to the ground.

Learn About the Leaf Glossary

Flower Features

The male flowers of turkey oak are clustered in drooping elongated catkins, measuring approximately 2-4 inches (5-10 cm) in length. They appear as thin, tassel-like structures. Female flowers are sessile or short-stalked, nestled in the leaf axils. These small, inconspicuous blossoms are crucial for reproduction. Blooming occurs in April, with the male catkins often turning pale yellow as they release pollen. Both flower types lack significant fragrance.

Learn About the Flower Glossary

Stem Features

The stems of turkey oak exhibit a chestnut brown to grey color and are covered with a sparse distribution of fine hairs. These stems tend to be sturdy and exhibit a slightly rough texture. They generally show moderate thickness, offering a robust structure that supports the plant's growth. The branching pattern is irregular, with branches frequently emerging at various angles, contributing to a somewhat asymmetric appearance. The combination of color, texture, and limited hair coverage makes these stems distinctive and identifiable.

Learn About the Stem Glossary

Fruit Features

The fruit of turkey oak is a distinctive acorn, approximately 1 inch (2.54 cm) in length, showcasing a rich brown hue. This ovoid nut is partly encased in a unique cap that is characterized by a thin, reddish-brown texture and is adorned with fuzzy scales. The cap covers about one-third of the nut, presenting a notable feature for identification. These acorns typically mature and are visible amidst the foliage from September to October, during the fall season.

Learn About the Fruit Glossary

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