How to identify White baneberry (Actaea pachypoda)

How to identify White baneberry (Actaea pachypoda)

White baneberry, also known as White cohosh, Necklace weed, White beads

White baneberry is a perennial herb stemming from a robust rhizome. It's distinguished by clusters of small white flowers that evolve into white berries with a conspicuous black dot, giving a 'doll's eyes' appearance. The compound leaves are toothed and primarily basal, growing in threes. This plant has an upright stature, typically reaching 1.5 to 2.5 feet (45 to 75 cm) in height. Toxicity is notable in all plant parts, with berries and roots being especially hazardous. White baneberry thrives in the dappled shade of forested areas, away from wetland environments.

Lifespan: Perennial

Plant Type: Herb

Leaf Type: Deciduous

Quickly Identify White baneberry

Compound leaves with toothed leaflets in pairs of two or three.

Distinctive white berries with a dark spot resembling 'doll's eyes'.

Showy red stems after blooming, reaching up to 2 feet (60 cm).

Clusters of small white flowers in short cylindrical arrangements.

Toxicity throughout plant parts, especially in roots and berries.

Detailed Traits of White baneberry

Leaf Features

The leaves of white baneberry are large, compound, and spread across each stem in pairs of two or three. Each leaf is pinnately divided with sharply saw-toothed leaflets. They exhibit a lush green color, potentially turning yellowish under excessive sunlight. The texture is smooth, and the vein pattern is prominent and pinnate. Leaflets measure approximately 2-3 inches (5-7.5 cm) in length. The overall breadth of the compound leaf can reach up to 2 feet (60 cm) wide.

Learn About the Leaf Glossary

Flower Features

The flowers of white baneberry are small, white, and form shorter, cylindrical clusters on a short, terminal, erect raceme. Each flower features very small petals and a single pistil, with sepals falling off as the flower opens. There are typically 10 to 28 flowers on each raceme. They bloom from March to May. The flowers have a subtle, non-prominent scent and are arranged in an orderly fashion, making for a distinct and recognizable appearance.

Learn About the Flower Glossary

Stem Features

The stems of white baneberry display a distinctively thickened and branched structure, particularly noticeable after blooming when they assume a striking red hue. Typically, the stems can grow up to 2 feet (60 cm) in height. The texture is smooth with a slightly glossy appearance. As the plant matures, branching patterns become more prominent, providing an easily identifiable characteristic for enthusiasts. The showy red color of mature stems is especially unique, contributing to its appeal and recognition.

Learn About the Stem Glossary

Fruit Features

The fruit of white baneberry is a distinctive white berry, sometimes tinged red, highlighted by a contrasting dark purple spot at the site where the flower once was. These berries are small, typically remaining on the plant into the cooler autumn months. The fruit period ranges from late summer through October, persisting as eye-catching orbs until the first frost. Due to their unique coloring, the berries are easily recognizable and caution should be taken as they are not edible.

Learn About the Fruit Glossary

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