How to identify California buckeye (Aesculus californica)

How to identify California buckeye (Aesculus californica)

California buckeye is a small deciduous tree capable of growing up to 45 feet (13.7 meters) under optimum conditions, typically reaching a more modest height of 15 to 20 feet (4.5 to 6 meters) with cultivation. It often displays a spreading form with a width exceeding its height, complemented by silvery gray bark. The tree features a somewhat flattened canopy bearing palmately compound dark green leaves. Its sweet scented creamy white flowers, occasionally tinged with pink, are noticeable in upright terminal clusters approximately 6 to 12 inches (15 to 30 centimeters) long, prominently displayed in late spring. The foliage may enter a dormant state during hot, dry summer months.

Lifespan: Perennial

Plant Type: Tree

Leaf Type: Deciduous

Quickly Identify California buckeye

Creamy white flowers with pink tinges in clusters, 6-12 inches (15-30 cm) long.

Extended stamens longer than petals on fragrant flowers, blooming in late spring.

Smooth fruit capsules resembling pears or figs, enclosing large, shiny, dark brown seeds.

Dark green, shiny leaves palmately divided into 5 narrow-elliptic leaflets with fine teeth.

Silvery gray bark transitioning from reddish branchlets, visually distinct in winter.

Detailed Traits of California buckeye

Leaf Features

The leaves of california buckeye are opposite, shiny, and dark green, palmately divided into 5 narrow-elliptic leaflets. Each leaflet measures up to 6 inches (15 cm) long and features fine marginal teeth. The texture is smooth and glossy, with a prominent vein pattern. These distinct features make the leaves easily identifiable.

Leaf Arrangement

Opposite

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Flower Features

California buckeye flowers are characterized by their terminal clusters measuring 4-12 inches (10-30 cm) long. These clusters are adorned with creamy white or pinkish, fragrant flowers that emerge from May to June. The stamens, notably longer than the five petals, are a key identification feature. Each flower, with its extended stamens and delicate hue, contributes to the plant's early summer blossom. The pleasant fragrance further enhances their appeal, making these blooms easily recognizable.

Inflorescence Type

Raceme

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Fruit Features

The fruit of california buckeye is a smooth, leathery capsule shaped like a pear or fig, typically measuring about 2-3 inches (5-7.5 cm) in length. It contains 1-3 large, shiny brown seeds, each marked by a distinctive pale scar known as the 'buck's eye.' The capsule has a firm texture and a smooth surface, making the seeds easily identifiable by their glossy finish and unique scar.

Learn About the Fruit Glossary

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