The leaves of yellow colicroot are 3-7 inches (7.5-18 cm) long, stemless, and yellow-green. They are leathery in texture, linear to lance-shaped, and form a basal rosette. These leaves are crucial for identifying yellow colicroot and exhibit a simple, unbroken, elongated line or lance shape which tapers at both ends. The leathery texture provides a durable feel, and their yellow-green color is distinct. The leaves' basal arrangement means they grow at the base of the plant in a circular cluster.

The flowers of yellow colicroot are yellow, cylindrical, and measure about 3/4 inch (2 cm) long. They are approximately 2 1/2 times as long as they are wide. Each flower consists of 6 fused petals that open into 6 triangular lobes with a mealy texture, reminiscent of ground grain. These flowers grow on stalks that can range from 1 to 3 feet (30 to 90 cm) tall and typically bloom from March to June.

The stem of yellow colicroot is unbranched, exhibiting a green color with a mostly naked surface. Rare reddish-green bracts may sporadically appear on the stem. Texture-wise, the stem is smooth and cylindrical, maintaining a consistent thickness of approximately 0.2 inches (0.5 cm) in diameter. It stands upright and can reach up to 2 feet (60 cm) in height. This stem’s lack of branching and occasional bracts are key identifying features.

The fruit of yellow colicroot is a distinctly 3-parted beaked capsule that matures to reveal its contents in June. Each segment of the capsule harbors tiny, reddish seeds. These seeds are the reproductive units of the fruit, and their vivid color contrasts with the more subdued hues of the capsule itself. The overall texture of the fruit can be described as dry and papery, typical of capsule-type fruits. The capsule's notable beaked shape is an essential characteristic for identification, making it distinguishable from other fruit types. The size of the fruit is relatively small, corresponding with the delicate stature of yellow colicroot.