How to identify East Asian alder (Alnus japonica)

How to identify East Asian alder (Alnus japonica)

East Asian alder presents as a resilient species, readily identifiable by its ability to thrive in a wide range of challenging conditions. This deciduous tree showcases a robust stature with a canopy that prefers the unobstructed light of full sun exposures for optimal flowering and fruiting. It is resilient to short-term flooding and possesses a strong resistance to pests. The species is capable of enduring the vicissitudes of poor soils, both moist and dry. With a preference for cooler climates, east Asian alder does not fare well in regions warmer than zone 7. It is a valuable addition to areas where other flora may struggle, such as woodland understories and environmentally stressful sites.

Lifespan: Perennial

Plant Type: Tree

Leaf Type: Deciduous

Quickly Identify East Asian alder

Distinctive ellipsoidal fruiting cones measuring 3/4 to 1 inch (1.9 to 2.5 cm) in length.

Male flowers in yellow-brown to red-brown catkins, 1 to 3 inches (2.5 to 7.5 cm) long.

Oval, narrow leaves with serrulate edges and acuminate tip, up to 5 inches (12.7 cm) long.

Female flowers on short purple-brown strobili, 0.39 to 0.79 inches (1 to 2 cm) long.

Canopy prefers full sun, resilient to pests, thrives in challenging conditions.

Detailed Traits of East Asian alder

Leaf Features

The leaves of east Asian alder are oval and narrow, with an acuminate tip and serrulate edges. They are dark green on the upper surface and measure up to 5 inches (12.7 cm) in length, with a wedge-shaped base. The underside is light green. These leaves have a distinctive vein pattern and a smooth texture, making them easily recognizable. Fall color is unremarkable.

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Flower Features

The flowers of east Asian alder appear in March. Male flowers are yellow-brown to red-brown catkins, grouped in clusters, and measure between 1 to 3 inches (2.5 to 7.5 cm) in length. Female flowers are on short, purplish-brown strobili, which are 0.39 to 0.79 inches (1 to 2 cm) long and persist until winter. These distinct features make east Asian alder identifiable during its blooming period, with no notable scent.

Learn About the Flower Glossary

Fruit Features

The fruit of east Asian alder is characterized by distinctive, ellipsoidal fruiting cones that are full-bodied and robust. These cones, which are the main feature of east Asian alder's reproductive efforts, typically measure around 3/4 to 1 inch long (approximately 1.9 to 2.5 cm). Upon maturity, the cones showcase a woody texture and are composed of numerous small, winged nutlets tightly packed together. The coloration of the fruiting cones upon maturity often takes on a muted, brown tone that blends seamlessly with the tree's foliage.

Learn About the Fruit Glossary

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East Asian alder and Their Similar Plants

Black alder vs. East Asian alder: What's The Difference?

Black alder (Alnus glutinosa) is indigenous to almost all of continental Europe. It’s used commercially in papermaking, in the manufacture of fiberboard, and in energy production. The bark of black alder has been used for hundreds of years in dyeing and tanning. The leaves of this species are so sticky, some people put them on the floor of their homes to trap fleas.

Red alder vs. East Asian alder: What's The Difference?

The red alder, one of the world's largest alders, takes its common name from the vibrant reddish color that emerges in its bruised or scraped bark. The various parts of this tree have multiple uses. Native Americans use the bark of this tree to make dye and medicine. Its wood is used in construction and furniture.

Hazel alder vs. East Asian alder: What's The Difference?

The hazel alder is a small tree common to the United States. It is slow growing and takes about ten years to reach maturity. It prefers the moist soil of riverbanks and creek beds. This tree or large bush bears fruit that resembles a pinecone.

Manchurian alder vs. East Asian alder: What's The Difference?

Found in the wild at elevations of 762 m and 1524 m, manchurian alder, is said to be the most drought tolerant Alder and can be transplanted easily. Manchurian alder is used for furniture and as building timber. It also makes for good fuel and charcoal. It has been noted as a nitrogen fixer and utilized to prevent soil erosion.

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Key Facts About East Asian alder

Attributes of East Asian alder

Lifespan

Perennial

Spread

2.5 m to 3.5 m

Flower Color

Green

Leaf type

Deciduous

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Scientific Classification of East Asian alder

Phylum

Vascular plants

Class

Dicotyledons

Order

Beeches, walnuts, and allied trees

Family

Birch

Genus

Alders

Species

East Asian alder (Alnus japonica)

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Distribution Map of East Asian alder

East Asian alder, a tree species, is native to temperate regions of East Asia. It has extended beyond its natural range, now also found in parts of Southeast Asia. Cultivation of east Asian alder has occurred, suggesting its adaptive use in varied locales beyond its historical habitat.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Potentially invasive

Exotic

No species reported

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A Comprehensive Guide to East Asian alder How to Grow and Care for East Asian alder