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Peanut

How to identify Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

Peanut, also known as Goober, Pindar

Peanut appears as an herbaceous plant with a unique reproductive process called geocarpy, where its fruits develop underground. Visually identified by its upright or sprawling stems, reaching up to 1.5 feet (45 cm) tall, it has pinnately compound leaves with multiple leaflets. Yellow flowers above the surface mature into oval or elongated pods that embed into the soil. These pods contain 1-4 seeds each. The plant's roots, which are beneficial for soil health, possess nodules that perform nitrogen-fixation.

Lifespan

Lifespan: Annual

Plant Type

Plant Type: Herb

Leaf Type

Leaf Type: Deciduous

Quickly Identify Peanut

1

Yellow flowers with orange veins and no scent, blooming in July-September, crucial for identification.

2

Subterranean cylindrical pods, 1-2 inches (2.5-5 cm) long, containing 1-6 seeds with distinctive constrictions.

3

Pinnately compound leaves with elliptical leaflets, folding at night to conserve water, measuring 3-7 cm.

4

Sturdy stem, erect or prostrate, angular with fine hairs, 0.1-0.5 inches (0.25-1.25 cm) in diameter.

5

Geocarpic plant with fruits underground, reaching 1.5 feet (45 cm) tall, unique reproductive process.

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Detailed Traits of Peanut

Leaf Features

The leaves of peanut are pinnately compound, featuring an even number of elliptical, obovate leaflets, each with a prominent mid vein. The leaflets measure 1.2 - 2.8 inches (3 - 7 cm) in length and 0.8 - 1.2 inches (2 - 3 cm) in width. They fold at night to conserve water by reducing transpiration, showcasing an adaptive trait to the absence of light.

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Flower Features

The flowers of peanut are distinctive with orange veins and bright yellow petals, typically blooming from July to September. Each butterfly-shaped, stalkless flower is about 0.4 inches (1 cm) wide and emerges near the plant's base approximately 40 days after planting. These self-pollinating flowers are organized on a stalked inflorescence, exhibiting a vibrant yellow hue crucial for identification. They generally lack a notable scent.

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Stem Features

The stem of peanut is sturdy, either erect or prostrate, and appears cylindrical and smooth at the base. As it matures, the stem becomes angular and covered with fine hairs. Typically green, its thickness can range from 0.1 to 0.5 inches (0.25 to 1.25 cm) in diameter. The branching pattern is irregular, providing stability and support for the plant's growth. These characteristics make the stem a vital feature for identifying peanut.

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Fruit Features

The fruit of peanut is a subterranean, cylindrical pod measuring approximately 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5 cm) in length. Each pod contains 1 to 6 seeds with pronounced constrictions between them. The individual seeds, encased in a thin, papery coat, are oblong to nearly round in shape. Upon maturity, the pods exhibit a texture that varies from smooth to wrinkled, and the coloration of the seed coat can range from whitish to a reddish-brown hue.

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Key Facts About Peanut

Attributes of Peanut
Lifespan
Annual
Plant Type
Herb
Plant Height
23 cm to 46 cm
Spread
23 cm to 45 cm
Fruit Color
Brown
Yellow
Gold
Stem Color
Green
Yellow
Orange
Leaf type
Deciduous
The Toxicity of Peanut
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Scientific Classification of Peanut

Family
Legume
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Genus
Arachis
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Species
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)
Learn More About the Peanut

Distribution Map of Peanut

Peanut is native to South America and found in East Asia. Its cultivation and naturalization extend its presence across various continents including Africa, Asia, and the Americas, spanning tropical to subtropical climates. Widely introduced, peanut adapts well to diverse regions and is notably cultivated where conditions allow, assimilating into local agricultural systems.
Native
Cultivated
Invasive
Potentially invasive
Exotic
No species reported
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