

How to identify Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana)
Horseradish, also known as Red cole, Pepper turnip
Horseradish presents as a robust, perennial herb with large, coarse, basal leaves measuring up to 2 feet (60 cm) long. These leaves showcase a deep green hue with a glossy surface and are notably crinkled with a distinctive, sinusoidal margin. The plant gives rise to white, four-petaled flowers arranged in terminal clusters atop stiff, erect flowering stems which can reach 5 feet (1.5 meters) in height. The stout, fleshy taproot is pivotal for identifying horseradish, appearing notably larger than the fibrous secondary roots.
Basal leaves up to 2 feet (60 cm) long, crinkled with sinusoidal margin.
Stiff, erect flowering stems reaching 5 feet (1.5 meters) in height.
Small, white flowers in panicles, less than 0.5 inches (1.27 cm) in diameter.
Oblong, slightly rough seed pods with up to 8 seeds.
Prominently veined dark green leaves, diminishing in size along the stem.
The leaves of horseradish are dark green, with basal leaves reaching up to 2 feet (60 cm) long and 6 inches (15 cm) wide. Stem leaves are smaller, growing up to 6 inches (15 cm) long and 2 inches (5 cm) wide. They are alternate, simple, and have a toothed margin. The leaves diminish in size as they ascend the stem. The texture is robust, and the leaf veins are prominently visible, contributing to their distinctive appearance.
The flowers of horseradish are small and white with four petals each. They grow in panicles or racemes that can extend up to 16 inches (40 cm) long. Each bloom is typically less than 0.5 inches (1.27 cm) in diameter. These flowers do not exhibit a showy appearance despite their structured arrangement, forming dense clusters along elongated stems. They lack a notable scent and generally bloom in the late spring to early summer, adding subtle elegance to the garden.
The fruit of horseradish is characterized by oblong seed pods that form post-flowering. Each pod, slightly rough in texture, encases up to 8 seeds, often not viable in colder winter regions. While the exact measurements of the seed pods are unspecified, they are typical of the species' size range. The coloration of these pods generally aligns with the plant's overall palette, which could provide subtle visual cues when observed in its natural habitat.
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Scientific Classification of Horseradish