How to identify Cabbage (Brassica oleracea)

How to identify Cabbage (Brassica oleracea)

Cabbage, also known as Brussels sprouts, Cauliflower

Cabbage is characterized by its broad, sturdy leaves which can exhibit a rosette growth pattern. The leaves are often waxy with undulating or frilled edges, displaying a splendid array of colors from deep purple to blush pink or creamy white. The foliage may span about 12 to 18 inches (30 to 45 cm) in width. Its thick, central stalk supports the expansive leaves, and the plant typically reaches a height of 12 to 15 inches (30 to 38 cm).

Lifespan: Perennial, Biennial, Annual

Plant Type: Herb

Leaf Type: Deciduous, Semi-evergreen

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Waxy leaves in varied hues: purple, pink, white.

Yellow flowers with cross pattern, attracting pollinators.

Elongated siliques with distinctive dehiscence for seed dispersal.

Thick stem, pale green to light brown, minimal irregularities.

Prominent veins on fleshy, glaucous leaves up to 2 feet long.

Detailed Traits of Cabbage

Leaf Features

The leaves of cabbage vary significantly among cultivars. Lower leaves are sizeable, reaching up to 2 feet (60 cm) with wavy margins, and are supported by stalks. All leaves, including those of the wild type, are thick, fleshy, and coated with a glaucous, bluish-grey film. Leaf stems alternate in a circular pattern around the stem. Vein patterns are prominent, enhancing their robust texture.

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Flower Features

The flowers of cabbage are small and yellow, each measuring about 0.5 inches (1.27 cm) in diameter. They feature four petals arranged in a cross pattern and contain six stamens, with the outer two being shorter. Blooming on stems with clusters of 20-40 flowers, the petals are distinctively bright and attract numerous pollinators. The flowers typically emit a mild, sweet scent and bloom from early spring to midsummer, providing an essential aspect for identifying cabbage.

Inflorescence Type

Raceme

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Stem Features

The stem of cabbage is smooth and somewhat woody, displaying a firm texture with minimal surface irregularities. It typically exhibits a pale green to light brown color, depending on its age and environmental conditions. The stem is relatively thick, usually ranging from 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5 cm) in diameter. Branching primarily occurs at the nodes, creating a robust and structured appearance. This characteristic stem provides strong support for the plant's upright growth.

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Fruit Features

The fruit of cabbage are elongated siliques, usually measuring about 2-3 inches (5-7.5 cm) in length. Noteworthy for their slender and cylindrical shape, they possess a smooth, matte finish and a greenish hue which may become straw-colored when maturing. Characteristic of this species, the fruits desiccate and exhibit a distinct dehiscence along two lines, allowing them to split open and release seeds. The seed pods are typically borne on a raceme and contain numerous small, round seeds. The transformative splitting is a unique feature that aids in seed dispersal.

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Cabbage and Their Similar Plants

Rutabaga vs. Cabbage: What's The Difference?

Rutabaga is a well-known root vegetable in many countries. All parts of the plant are edible, but the fleshy root is commonly cooked and enjoyed in a variety of ways. Baked, steamed, mashed, and boiled are just a few of the ways to enjoy rutabagas. This vegetable is a filling and gives substance to soups and stews, or provides a hearty side dish.

Chinese mustard vs. Cabbage: What's The Difference?

Chinese mustard (*Brassica juncea*) is an annual herb that will grow from 30 to 46 cm tall. It can be invasive in some areas, but it's favored for its edible qualities in other locations. The leaves and flowers are edible and have a hot mustard taste. Young leaves are flavorful in salads, while older leaves are best as cooked greens. Seeds are harvested from summer to fall and provide a spicy mustard flavor to dishes.

Black mustard vs. Cabbage: What's The Difference?

Black mustard (*Brassica nigra*) is a plant that grows annually from seed, native to North Africa, Europe, and Asia. It can grow in both tropical and temperate climates. This plant is known for its long seed pods, each containing four black seeds. The seeds from black mustard are used as a spice to make mustard. On the West Coast of the US, it is considered to be a noxious weed.

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Key Facts About Cabbage

Attributes of Cabbage

Lifespan

Perennial, Biennial, Annual

Plant Type

Herb

Plant Height

60 cm to 1.5 m

Spread

30 cm to 60 cm

Leaf Color

Green

Blue

Red

Flower Size

2.5 cm

Flower Color

Yellow

Fruit Color

Green

Brown

Copper

Stem Color

Green

Yellow

Leaf type

Deciduous, Semi-evergreen

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Scientific Classification of Cabbage

Phylum

Vascular plants

Class

Dicotyledons

Order

Mustards, capers, and allies

Family

Cruciferae

Genus

Kales

Species

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea)

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Distribution Map of Cabbage

Cabbage is native to coastal Europe from the south of England to the Mediterranean, preferring to grow on seaside cliffs. Due to its popularity as an agricultural crop, it is now cultivated around the globe.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Potentially invasive

Exotic

No species reported

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A Comprehensive Guide to Cabbage How to Grow and Care for Cabbage