The leaves of capsicum are simple and alternately arranged. Typically ovate to lanceolate, they feature entire margins and a smooth, somewhat glossy surface. Leaf size varies but generally falls between 2 to 6 inches (5 to 15 cm) in length. The color ranges from medium to dark green, contributing to their lush appearance. Prominent vein patterns are present, generally pinnate. These leaves are easily identifiable by their distinctive shape and texture.

The flowers of capsicum are typically small, ranging in color from white to purple. They most commonly have five distinct parts and emerge in clusters, which can vary from a single flower to many in a group. These blossoms are star-shaped and generally bloom during the summer months. Each flower measures about 0.4 inches (1 cm) across. The petals are often waxy and smooth, adding a subtle charm to the plant's appearance. The flowers are generally unscented, emphasizing their visual appeal.

The stem of capsicum is typically smooth and green, transitioning to a purplish hue around the nodes. It is semi-woody, usually around 0.2 to 0.4 inches (0.5 to 1 cm) in thickness. The stem exhibits a branching pattern with nodes spaced approximately 1 to 1.5 inches (2.5 to 3.8 cm) apart. It features a slightly glossy surface and becomes more robust as the plant matures. The darkening nodes, especially purple, are a distinctive characteristic for identification.

The fruit of capsicum is a non-pulpy berry that varies widely in color, shape, and pungency. These berries commonly exhibit a vibrant red hue due to carotenoids and can also appear in other colors. Characteristically, the fruits contain many small, flat, and yellowish seeds housed within sizeable internal air chambers. The skin texture varies, potentially affecting the fruit's heat intensity. Measurements and sizes fluctuate based on cultivar and species, with some fruits being petite and others larger, accommodating the diverse range of capsicum varieties.