The leaves of spotted spurge are small, dark green, and typically measure about 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) in length. They have a round to oblong shape and may exhibit a reddish-green tint. Some leaves feature a prominent dark spot on the blade, paired with small teeth along the margins. The leaves' texture is smooth, and their vein pattern is subtle but visible, adding to their distinctive appearance crucial for identification.

The cup-shaped flowers of spotted spurge are axillary and display distinct greenish-white petal-like appendages, often tinged with pink towards the rim. Each flower measures approximately 0.1 inches (2.5 mm) in diameter. The blossoms are intricate and subtle, contributing to their unique appearance. These flowers typically bloom during the midsummer to early fall months, showcasing their delicate hues. The structure and coloration of the flowers make them a noteworthy feature of this plant.

The stems of spotted spurge are slender, hairy, and typically spread out in a mat-like formation along the ground. Each stem rarely exceeds 18 inches (45 cm) in length and displays a branching pattern that contributes to its low ground cover. The stems often turn a pale red when exposed to bright sunlight, adding a distinctive color feature. These stems are thin but sturdy, making them a key identification feature of the plant.

The fruit of spotted spurge is a notable tiny, 3-lobed capsule that exhibits a pale brown hue upon maturity. Each capsule has an egg-shaped structure covered with fine hairs, which adds a subtle tactile texture. The size of the capsule is quite small, aligning with the fast-growing nature of the plant. Notably, the seeds inside the capsule are adapted for rapid growth and germination, having minimal to no dormancy period. They display hydrophilic properties, allowing them to readily absorb water. The seeds' ability to stick to various surfaces when wet is a distinctive feature that aids in their distribution.