How to identify Blue ash (Fraxinus quadrangulata)
Blue ash is a deciduous tree reaching heights of 50-60 feet (15-18 meters) with an oval to pyramidal shape. The distinguishing feature of this species is its new stems, which are noticeably four-sided, reflecting its nomenclature. These trees have compound leaves typical of its genus, which add to its identification traits. Blue ash shows some resilience against the emerald ash borer, a pest threatening many trees in its family.
Lifespan: Perennial
Plant Type: Tree
Leaf Type: Deciduous
New stems noticeably four-sided, aiding in quick identification.
Compound leaves with 5-11 leaflets, turning pale yellow in fall.
Tiny greenish or purplish flowers in dense panicles without petals.
Distinctive winged samaras in clusters, facilitating wind dispersal.
Robust trunk with squared appearance, gray bark with furrows and ridges.
The green, opposite, compound leaves of blue ash typically feature 5-11 leaflets, most commonly 7-9. Each leaflet measures 2-5 inches (5-12.7 cm) in length and 1-2 inches (2.5-5 cm) in width. The leaflets are oval to lanceolate with serrated margins and have short stems. The undersides may exhibit a few hairs, adding to their texture. In the fall, the leaves turn a pale yellow, making them a distinguishing characteristic of blue ash.
The flowers of blue ash appear in the spring as small, inconspicuous panicles. Each individual flower is remarkably tiny, measuring only a few millimeters across, and lacks significant petals. The flowers are typically greenish or purplish and grouped in dense clusters. They do not emit a noticeable scent. Blooming occurs as the weather warms, contributing to the species' reproductive cycle while remaining visually understated.
The stem of blue ash is characterized by its distinctive 4-sided twigs which are corky in texture. The buds along the stem are gray to brown and may exhibit slight pubescence. The stems are moderately thick, measuring around 0.5 inches (1.3 cm) in diameter, and exhibit a unique branching pattern that aids in identification.
The fruit of blue ash is notable for its winged samaras, which are structured in clusters. Each individual fruit measures approximately 1 to 1.5 inches long (2.5 to 3.8 cm) and 0.125 to 0.1875 inches (approximately 3.2 to 4.8 mm) across, showcasing a four-angled (quadrangular) profile. These specialized winged fruits facilitate wind dispersal, contributing to the species' propagation. As the fruit matures, it typically transitions to a tan or brown color, providing a subtle contrast against the foliage.
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Scientific Classification of Blue ash
