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Long-stalk holly

How to identify Long-stalk holly (Ilex pedunculosa)

Long-stalk holly

Long-stalk holly appears as an evergreen with a tough constitution, featuring showy, spineless foliage akin to that of mountain laurel. The leaves are complemented by small, fragrant flowers. Perhaps the most striking feature is the vibrant red berries, which dangle gracefully from long stalks, or peduncles, a distinctive characteristic that influences its species designation. The plant exhibits sexual dimorphism with dioecious flowers which rely on bee pollination, necessitating proximity to both male and female plants for fruit production. It can either be trained into a dense broad shrub or allowed to mature into a modestly sized tree.

Lifespan

Lifespan: Perennial

Plant Type

Plant Type: Tree, Shrub

Leaf Type

Leaf Type: Evergreen

Quickly Identify Long-stalk holly

1

Vibrant red berries on long stalks stand out in fall and winter.

2

Alternate, pear-shaped leaves with prominent midrib and secondary veins.

3

Slender, glabrous stem with sparse, evenly distributed branching.

4

Distinct smooth gray bark transitioning to flaky texture as tree ages.

5

Understated white flowers, 0.2 inches (5 mm) in diameter, on current season's growth.

Long-stalk hollyLong-stalk hollyLong-stalk hollyLong-stalk hollyLong-stalk holly

Detailed Traits of Long-stalk holly

Leaf Features

Long-stalk holly features alternate, simple leaves measuring 1 to 3 inches (2.5 to 7.6 cm) in length. The leaves are dark green and may develop a yellowish-green cast in harsh winter conditions. They exhibit a narrow, entire (untoothed) margin and possess a pear-like shape. The texture is smooth, and the leaves show prominent midrib and secondary veins, which are typical of the genus. These characteristics are essential for identifying long-stalk holly in various environments.

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Flower Features

The flowers of long-stalk holly are understated yet distinctive. Female flowers are white and typically appear solitary on the current season's growth. They measure approximately 0.2 inches (5 mm) in diameter. In contrast, the male flowers are grouped in clusters, also small and white, creating a visually subtle but scientifically fascinating display. These flowers generally bloom in the spring, emitting no discernible scent. Their simple arrangement and diminutive size make them notable in their subtlety.

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Stem Features

The stem of long-stalk holly is slender and glabrous, presenting a smooth and somewhat flattened texture. Its coloration ranges from light green to reddish-brown, offering a subtle shine in sunlight. Measuring up to approximately 1 inch (2.5 cm) in diameter, the stem maintains a consistent thinness throughout its length. Branching is sparse but evenly distributed along the stem, providing a balanced structural appearance. These features make it distinguishable among similar species.

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Fruit Features

The fruit of long-stalk holly is a vibrant, bright red berry, approximately 1/4 inch (6 mm) in diameter. These berries are borne on relatively long stalks, ranging from 1 to 2 inches (25 to 50 mm) in length, which become particularly conspicuous in fall and winter. The fruit's glossy surface and striking color provide a distinct visual against the foliage, making them quite noticeable. Typically, these berries persist on the plant through the colder months, offering a pop of color in predominantly dormant landscapes.

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Long-stalk holly and Their Similar Plants

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Common holly vs. Long-stalk holly: What's The Difference?
Common holly (Ilex aquifolium) is an evergreen tree or shrub, recognized by the characteristic shape of its leaves and bright red berries. Its natural habitat is understories of oak and beech forests. Common holly is widely used in landscaping in temperate regions. Thick crown and prickly leaves make this plant excellent for hedges.
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Japanese holly vs. Long-stalk holly: What's The Difference?
Japanese holly (Ilex crenata) is an evergreen shrub native to China, Japan, and Korea. Japanese holly is a flowering plant, and its flowers transition into berries during summer. This plant is popularly planted as an ornamental shrub and can be grown as a Bonsai tree.
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Chinese holly vs. Long-stalk holly: What's The Difference?
Chinese holly (Ilex cornuta) is an evergreen shrub native to China and Korea. The chinese holly is often grown ornamentally in gardens and is considered easy to grow and maintain. The chinese holly bears fruits that are thought to be superior to other holly species.
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American holly vs. Long-stalk holly: What's The Difference?
Ilex opaca, commonly known as american holly, is a medium-sized evergreen tree, commonly found in southeastern areas of North America as an understory tree in humid forests. Its bright red fruits are poisonous to humans but are a very important source of food for numerous species of birds.
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Yaupon vs. Long-stalk holly: What's The Difference?
Yaupon is a small tree or large shrub native to the southeastern United States. It is known for its small, evergreen leaves and its small, white flowers that bloom in the spring. The tree produces small, black berries that are favored by a variety of birds. In the garden, yaupon is often used as a hedge or border plant due to its dense growth habit and its ability to tolerate trimming. In addition to its practical uses in the garden, yaupon has a long history of use by Native American tribes, who used the plant for medicinal purposes and as a source of caffeine. The leaves of the plant can be brewed into a tea that is similar in flavor to black tea.
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Common winterberry vs. Long-stalk holly: What's The Difference?
Common winterberry (Ilex verticillata) is a berry species commonly grown in eastern gardens within the United States. Common winterberry is valued for its ability to grow in temperate climates and the colors it provides as an ornamental plant. The common winterberry is also called Michigan holly.
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Inkberry vs. Long-stalk holly: What's The Difference?
Inkberry (Ilex glabra) is a species native to the eastern United States. Inkberry is valued for its flavorful floral blossoms which are used as commercial ingredients in honey. Its leaves can be turned into a tea which is popular in East Asia.
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Possumhaw vs. Long-stalk holly: What's The Difference?
Possumhaw is a deciduous shrub that can grow to tree-like dimensions in the right conditions. The leaves are a dark green and the fruits are red, shiny, and round with a diameter of 4 to 8 mm. Only female plants produce these berries.
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Key Facts About Long-stalk holly

Attributes of Long-stalk holly
Lifespan
Perennial
Plant Type
Tree, Shrub
Plant Height
2 m to 15 m
Spread
3 m to 4.5 m
Fruit Color
Red
Burgundy
Stem Color
Green
Brown
Leaf type
Evergreen
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Scientific Classification of Long-stalk holly

Family
Holly
Icon allow
Genus
Ilex
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Species
Long-stalk holly (Ilex pedunculosa)
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Distribution Map of Long-stalk holly

Long-stalk holly is a plant chiefly native to temperate regions of East Asia. It has a natural distribution in areas that exhibit a mix of continental and oceanic climate influences. While it originates from major regions in East Asia, long-stalk holly has also been introduced into cultivation in other parts of the world, where it is grown for its ornamental value.
Native
Cultivated
Invasive
Potentially invasive
Exotic
No species reported
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