How to identify Water tupelo (Nyssa aquatica)

How to identify Water tupelo (Nyssa aquatica)

Water tupelo, also known as Tupelo-gum, Water-gum

Water tupelo is distinguished by its pronounced, swollen base which provides support in its often-saturated habitat. With a typically straight and occasionally crooked trunk extending up to a narrow, open crown, this tree reveals spreading branches. Its glossy leaves are substantial in size, contributing to the species’ recognizability. Additionally, the plant displays large, pendant-like fruit and possesses slender, easily breakable twigs. The youthful shape of water tupelo may appear symmetrical and pyramid-like, though with maturity, it adopts a more irregular structure.

Lifespan: Perennial

Plant Type: Tree

Leaf Type: Deciduous

Quickly Identify Water tupelo

Large, glossy leaves measuring 4-8 inches (10-20 cm) in length and 2-4 inches (5-10 cm) in width.

Greenish-white flowers blooming in spring, with male clusters about 1 inch (2.5 cm) across.

Oblong, dark purple fruit up to 1 inch (2.54 cm) in length, encasing acidic flesh and a central seed.

Robust trunk with dark brown to grey scaly bark featuring fine fissures, adapting to aquatic habitat.

Straight stem reaching up to 70 feet (21 meters), with a branching pattern and smooth to furrowed texture.

Detailed Traits of Water tupelo

Leaf Features

The leaves of water tupelo are large, glossy, and oblong to obovate in shape, measuring 4 to 8 inches (10 to 20 cm) in length and 2 to 4 inches (5 to 10 cm) in width. They are dark green with smooth edges, though occasionally featuring one or more large teeth. The underside is typically finely downy, but can also be glabrous. These leaves exhibit a notable vein pattern, contributing to their distinctive appearance.

Learn About the Leaf Glossary

Flower Features

The flowers of water tupelo are greenish-white and bloom in spring (April-May). The male flowers form clusters, while the female flowers are solitary and slightly larger. Flowering occurs as the leaves begin to unfold. The flowers are separated on different trees, with male and female trees both necessary for reproduction. Trees typically do not produce flowers or fruit until approximately 30 years of age. The male clusters are about 1 inch (2.5 cm) across, adding a subtle detail for identification.

Learn About the Flower Glossary

Stem Features

The stem of water tupelo is characterized by its straight, cylindrical form, typically reaching a height of up to 70 feet (21 meters). It possesses a smooth texture in youth, becoming ridged and furrowed with age. The color progresses from a light gray or greenish hue to a darker, brownish-gray. Stems of water tupelo tend to exhibit a branching pattern with alternate, simple branches and are generally thick, ranging from 8 to 12 inches (20 to 30 cm) in diameter, providing robust support for the tree's crown.

Learn About the Stem Glossary

Fruit Features

The fruit of water tupelo is characterized by its oblong shape and striking dark purple hue, which matures around September to October. Measuring up to 1 inch (2.54 cm) in length, each fruit, or drupe, features a tough outer skin. Encased within is a thin layer of acidic flesh delicately enveloping the central seed, offering a protective barrier. The contrast between the robust exterior and the subtle interior renders these drupes distinctive among fruiting plants.

Learn About the Fruit Glossary

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