The leaves of bunge's pine are medium to dark green needles, stiff and flat with a sharp point, measuring 2 to 4 inches (5 to 10 cm) long and 2 mm wide. They appear in bundles of three, with finely toothed margins and faint stomatal lines on the surface. The fascicle sheath falls away easily. These needles are sparsely distributed on the stems, remaining on the tree for 2 to 4 years, and emit a turpentine odor when bruised.

The flowers of bunge's pine emerge in spring, featuring distinct male and female cones. The male pollen cones are yellow, cylindrical, and cluster together, measuring about 0.4 inches (1 cm) long. They release pollen without any notable scent. The female cones are yellowish-green, less prominently clustered, and essential for seed development. They are usually about 0.8 inches (2 cm) long. There is no prominent petal arrangement in these cones, marking bunge's pine as an interesting specimen in coniferous plant studies.

The stems of bunge's pine are multi-stemmed and exhibit a smooth, grayish-green texture. They have a distinctive appearance due to their unique coloration. The buds on these stems are spindle-shaped, measuring approximately 0.5 inches (1.27 cm) in length, with reddish-brown scales. These characteristics provide a notable visual cue for identifying bunge's pine in the field, differentiating it from related species.

The fruit of bunge's pine comprises seed cones that are of a distinctive yellowish-brown color, lending them a noticeable appearance amid the foliage. Each cone is shaped ovoid and measures about 1.5 to 2.5 inches (3.8 to 6.4 cm) in length and 1.5 to 2 inches (3.8 to 5.1 cm) across, offering a substantial size that can be either found singly or paired. They possess a firm texture, often found terminally or laterally on stems, anchored on short stalks. Notably, the seed scales are adorned with a protrusive triangular spine, while the seeds themselves are short and come with an attached wing, characteristics that aid in their dispersal by wind.