The leaves of wych elm are dark green and rough, measuring 3 to 6 inches (7.5 to 15 cm) in length. They are simple, alternate, and exhibit doubly dentate margins. The leaves are oblong to elliptic in shape, featuring an asymmetrical base and an acuminate tip. During the fall, the leaves turn yellow, though the color change is not notably significant. These key features aid in the identification of wych elm's leaves.

The flowers of wych elm appear in early to mid-spring before the leaves emerge, displaying a reddish-green hue. These flowers are small, measuring approximately 0.2 inches (5 mm) in diameter, and are non-showy and inconspicuous. The flowers lack petals, with their color arising from the sepals. Arranged in clusters, they do not possess a noticeable scent. Blooming during this period ensures the wind-assisted pollination process characteristic of this species.

The stem of wych elm is characterized by twigs that are ash-gray to red-brown in color. The stem is typically slender with a rough, slightly hairy texture. The bud scales overlap, forming a layered appearance. Branches emerge at regular intervals, creating a branching pattern that is both dense and spreading. The diameter of the twigs ranges from about 0.1 to 0.2 inches (2.5 to 5 mm), providing a sturdy yet flexible structure essential for the plant's growth.

The fruit of wych elm is a distinctive flat, papery samara that houses a single seed. These winged fruits, typically appearing in spring to summer, facilitate wind dispersal. They are light green when young, maturing to a tan or brown shade. Each fruit is approximately 0.8 to 1 inch (20 to 25 mm) long. The samaras grow in clusters, and their lightness allows them to flutter to the ground, sometimes covering a considerable distance from the parent tree. The subtle vein pattern on the papery wing can be observed upon closer inspection. This unique structure is pivotal for seed dispersal, allowing the samara to spiral through the air as it falls.