

How to identify Tung oil tree (Vernicia fordii)
Tung oil tree, also known as Chinese wood-oil tree, Tung nut
Tung oil tree reaches heights of up to 40 feet (12 meters) and is known for its distinctive hibiscus-like flowers. These blooms are white with a vivid red center and emerge before the foliage, providing a striking contrast. With a preference for full sunlight, tung oil tree is also adaptable as an understory tree. Its foliage, however, will not survive in harsh cold climates. Key identifying aspects include its growth habit and the unique seasonal flowering pattern.
Distinct hibiscus-like white flowers with vivid red centers
Heart-shaped leaves with 3-lobed form, adorned with red glands
Large, globular fruit with segmented parts containing solitary seed
Medium-thick stems with reddish lenticels and prominent leaf scars
Smooth bark with brownish gray hue, exuding milky white sap when incised
The leaves of tung oil tree are alternately arranged, simple, and long-stalked with a heart-shaped, sometimes shallowly 3-lobed form. They measure between 6 to 10 inches (15 to 25 cm) long and 4 to 8 inches (10 to 20 cm) wide. These dark green leaves feature long petioles adorned with two conspicuous red glands at their base. Both leaf surfaces may have sparse hairs. The combination of size, shape, and distinctive glands assists in identifying this plant.
The flowers of tung oil tree are pale pink to white, adorned with striking red veins. These blooms feature 5-7 petals arranged in large clusters, creating a visually appealing display. Each flower measures approximately 1-1.5 inches (2.5-4 cm) across and is characterized by 2 green or reddish sepals. They emit a delicate fragrance and bloom profusely before the emergence of leaves, adding beauty to early spring landscapes.
Tung oil tree stems are dark gray-brown and feature numerous reddish lenticels, giving them a dotted appearance. The stems are medium-thick, typically about 0.4-0.8 inches (1-2 cm) in diameter, and have a rough texture. Branching occurs in a somewhat regular, alternately arranged pattern. Additionally, the presence of circular leaf scars can be observed. These scars are prominent and serve as a distinctive identifying characteristic of the plant's stems.
The fruit of tung oil tree is characteristically large and globular, approximating 2 to 3 inches in diameter. On maturity, it segments into distinctive parts, which house the central feature of this fruit: a solitary, substantial seed. The outer surface of these fruits demonstrates a texture that might vary throughout its growth and eventual ripening stages. The colors of the fruit can also provide clues to its ripeness, with a possible progression of hues as it develops.
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Scientific Classification of Tung oil tree