

How to identify Maize (Zea mays)
Maize, also known as Indian corn, Flint corn
Maize is a robust annual plant towering with a sturdy, erect stem that can reach over 6 feet (183 cm) in height. Each plant has a fibrous root system and can develop multiple strong, long leaves that are lanceolate in shape, with a characteristic waxy surface and parallel venation. As the stalk matures, it produces large inflorescences, with the unique feature of separate male and female flowers, known as tassels and ears, respectively. The ears are sheathed in a thick layer of modified leaves called husks, which encase the kernels.
Distinct sexual dimorphism in flowers with tassels and ears
Kernels in various colors (yellow, white, red, and blue)
Large lanceolate leaves with waxy surface and parallel venation
Robust annual plant with erect stem, reaching over 6 feet (183 cm)
Harvestable maturity within 70-200 days post-planting, depending on cultivar
The leaves of maize are large, ranging from 1 to 5 feet (0.3 to 1.5 meters) in length and 2 to 6 inches (5 to 15 cm) in width. They are linear to lanceolate in shape, with straight parallel sides or a lance-like form, and have a prominent midrib. Each stem produces 8 to 21 leaves that occur singly on alternating sides. The leaves are typically green, with a smooth texture and distinct vein pattern.
The flowers of maize display distinct sexual dimorphism. The male flowers form a branched inflorescence called a panicle at the stem apex, featuring small, greenish tassels. The female flowers develop in the leaf axils as modified spike inflorescences, known as ears, with silk strands emerging from the husks. Each silk strand corresponds to a potential kernel. Blooming begins 20-30 days post-germination. The flowers, though not vividly colorful or notably scented, play a crucial role in the plant's reproductive process.
The fruit of maize is a composition of individual caryopses, commonly referred to as kernels. Each kernel is encased within a hull and exhibits a rounded to oval shape with a pointed tip. Kernels display a range of colors including yellow, white, red, and blue, with a characteristic glossy appearance and a firm texture. Organized neatly in 4-30 rows, the kernels densely populate the cob's surface, which can vary widely in length. Harvestable maturity occurs within a span of 70-200 days post-planting and depends on the cultivar selected. The compact arrangement and variety of kernel colors are distinctive features aiding identification.
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Scientific Classification of Maize