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Top 20 Most Common Toxic Plants in Latvia

Latvia's temperate climate with its humid summers and cold winters creates a hospitable environment for a variety of flora, including toxic species. Precipitation and rich soil types contribute to the proliferation of naturally poisonous plants across the region. Among these, Common columbine, Creeping buttercup, and Hairy willowherb are especially prominent, posing potential risks to humans and livestock, and reflecting the need for caution and awareness in local agricultural and recreational activities.

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Most Common Toxic Plants
Common columbine
1. Common columbine
All parts of common columbine, including the stem, leaves, flowers, and seeds, are toxic when they are ingested raw. Contact with the plant's sap may also lead to dermatitis (skin irritation and inflammation). The symptoms from common columbine poisoning are likely to cause only mild to moderate effects, but the symptoms are not well-known, since there are few documented cases of it. Adverse effects are most likely to occur from accidental ingestion.
Toxic to:
Human
Creeping buttercup
2. Creeping buttercup
Creeping buttercup can be severely toxic to dogs; you should seek immediate veterinary attention if you believe your dog has eaten or come into contact with a plant of this type. All parts of these plants contain ranunculin, a toxin that is poisonous when swallowed and also can irritate skin, causing redness or itch. Ingestion symptoms ranging from excessive drooling, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, and loss of appetite to paralysis, seizures, jaundice, spasms, collapse, or even death.
Toxic to:
Human & Pets
Rough horsetail
3. Rough horsetail
Rough horsetail (Equisetum hyemale) is an evergreen perennial. An aggressive grower, it reproduces through spores and is non-flowering. It prefers full sun to partial shade and is pest resistant. It provides erosion control, grows well in wetlands and makes an interesting addition to water gardens. Expected height of 61 to 91 cm.
Toxic to:
Human
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Hairy willowherb
4. Hairy willowherb
Hairy willowherb (Epilobium hirsutum) is a species of weed that is difficult to eradicate. It is not known to be toxic, but the sale of this plant or its seeds has been banned in some areas. This is because its dense, aggressive growth habits can crowd out and destroy other native beneficial plants.
Toxic to:
Human
Common barberry
5. Common barberry
Common barberry is a shrub with unpleasant-smelling flowers and red berries. The flowers can be used to create yellow dye while the berries have culinary and medicinal uses in Iran and medicinal use in China that dates back 3,000 years. Despite this, common barberry can be a host to wheat rust that is highly damaging to grain crops in America.
Toxic to:
Human
Common fumitory
6. Common fumitory
A garden poppy that can escape as a scrambling weed across open fields, the common fumitory (Fumaria officinalis) produces flowers from early spring to late fall. In the past, it had been used as a folk medicine, but it is now known to be poisonous and should not be used in any home remedies.
Toxic to:
Human
Woodland horsetail
7. Woodland horsetail
Woodland horsetail (Equisetum sylvaticum) is a perennial plant species native to North America and Eurasia. Woodland horsetail grows in swampy forest, open woodlands, and meadow areas. This species is considered one of the most attractive species of horsetail.
Toxic to:
Human
Sneezeweed
8. Sneezeweed
Sneezeweed (Helenium autumnale) is a flowering perennial herb native to North America. In late summer and fall, one sneezeweed plant can produce as many as 100 yellow flower heads in a branching array. This species attracts butterflies and other pollinators.
Toxic to:
Human
Smoketree
9. Smoketree
Smoketree is a deciduous tree native to Southern Europe and Central China. The flowers of the smoketree are pinkish-purple and long-lasting. They grow in clusters along branches and give a smoky appearance to the tree when in bloom. In China, they are used as important fall decorations due to their foliage turn bright red in the fall.
Toxic to:
Human
Golden chain tree
10. Golden chain tree
The golden chain tree is used as an ornamental in gardens and patios. It gets its name from the cascading yellow flowers that bloom in late spring. The lumber can be used for cabinetry, inlay work, and musical instruments. The flexible branches also used to be important for making bows. The golden chain tree is toxic in its entirety and can be fatal if eaten.
Toxic to:
Human
Dieffenbachia
11. Dieffenbachia
If either ingested or touched, dieffenbachia can cause negative reactions. The symptoms range from moderate to severe and can be dangerous if airways are blocked. Due to the calcium oxalate contained in this plant, its leaves and sap have toxic properties. When ingested, they can induce symptoms such as lip and tongue swelling, drooling, speech loss, and difficulty breathing; when touched, they can cause a painful skin rash or eye irritation. Since these plants are often found indoors as decorative plants, be careful when keeping them around small children. Always wear gloves when handling this plant.
Toxic to:
Human & Pets
February daphne
12. February daphne
The Daphne mezereum is a deciduous shrub that can grow up to 1.5 m tall. Its leaves are soft, spirally arranged on the stems. The february daphne produces a bright red berry as the fruit which is extremely poisonous for humans.
Toxic to:
Human
Evergreen spindle
13. Evergreen spindle
All parts of the evergreen spindle are considered toxic if ingested in large quantities. Symptoms can range from mild to life-threatening including vomiting, weakness, diarrhea, chills, convulsions, and coma. Since these plants are commonly used as ornamental hedges, you should be mindful of any children who may encounter the plant, be attracted by its colorful leaves and flowers, and may be tempted to eat them.
Toxic to:
Human
Common hyacinth
14. Common hyacinth
Hyacinthus orientalis is one of the heralds of spring. The name common hyacinth comes from the Greek name Hyacinthus. According to Greek legend, Hyacinthus was admired by both Apollo and Zephyrus. Hyacinthus ended up being killed out of jealousy and a flower bloomed on the spot where his blood was spilled. Apollo named the flower after his lost love.
Toxic to:
Human & Pets
Crown imperial
15. Crown imperial
Regal crowns of flowers perch atop tall stems of the crown imperial, or Fritillaria imperialis. Bulbs can be planted in mass plantings, flowerbeds, and container gardens. These striking flowers grow from bulbs and bloom in early spring. The skunk-like fragrance is a great pest repellent.
Toxic to:
Human
Celery-leaved buttercup
16. Celery-leaved buttercup
Celery-leaved buttercup can be severely toxic to dogs; you should seek immediate veterinary attention if you believe your dog has eaten or come into contact with a plant of this type. All parts of these plants contain ranunculin, a toxin that is poisonous when swallowed and also can irritate skin, causing redness or itch. Ingestion symptoms ranging from excessive drooling, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, and loss of appetite to paralysis, seizures, jaundice, spasms, collapse, or even death.
Toxic to:
Human & Pets
Sun spurge
17. Sun spurge
Sun spurge (Euphorbia helioscopia) is a winter annual that grows along the ground in a variety of locations from gardens to wastelands. It features distinctive red colored stems with toothed leaves that emit a toxic milky sap when cut or torn. Pale yellow flowers bloom from spring to summer and give way to fruit. This plant is considered a weed.
Toxic to:
Human
Pontic rhododendron
18. Pontic rhododendron
Pontic rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum) is a dense shrub species that is one of the most extensively cultivated Rhododendron species in western Europe. Pontic rhododendron is native to southern Europe and southwest Asia. This species is widely cultivated for ornamental purposes, and considered invasive in western Europe. Honey produced from the pollen of this species is poisonous.
Toxic to:
Pets
Striped barbados lily
19. Striped barbados lily
Striped barbados lily is perennial herbs with showy flowers but it contains toxic compounds, most notably alkaloids lycorine and tazetine, as well as calcium oxalate crystals.
Toxic to:
Human & Pets
Persian cyclamen
20. Persian cyclamen
All parts of the persian cyclamen contain toxins that are extremely hazardous to dogs, with the highest concentration in their tubers. Use caution if your dog is in a yard where persian cyclamen is found, especially if they enjoy digging. Symptoms range from lethargy to coma, and immediate veterinary care is needed to pump the canine's stomach to void the body of the toxin.
Toxic to:
Human & Pets
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More Plants in Latvia

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Most Common Flowers

The climate and soil of Latvia provide a conducive environment for the growth of native flowers. Among these blossoms, , , and flourish beautifully. These flowers hold great significance in the region, whether it be their visual beauty, symbolic representation, or ecological importance. Precise and trustworthy sources validate the information shared about these characteristic flowers of Latvia.

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Most Common Fruits

Latvia's temperate climate, with its cold winters and mild summers, alongside fertile and well-drained soils, provide a strong foundation for the cultivation of local fruit plants. Significant among these are , , and , which are not only staples in Latvian diets but also carry cultural significance. These plants thrive in Latvia's specific climatic conditions and contribute to the country's agricultural heritage and economy.

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Most Common Trees

Latvia, known for its diverse environmental conditions, provides an ideal habitat for native trees. With its temperate climate and fertile soils, it nurtures the growth of several emblematic species, including , , and . These trees hold great significance in the local culture and play a vital ecological role in maintaining the region's biodiversity. Their resilience and adaptability highlight their importance in the Latvian landscape.

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Most Common Weeds

Latvia, with its temperate climate featuring cold winters and mild summers, creates an inviting habitat for a variety of garden weeds. Prolifically sprouting in local gardens, , , and are among the most common invaders. Their prevalence challenges gardeners who strive to maintain cultivars without the nuisance of these persistent botanical interlopers. Effective weed management is key to preserving the health and aesthetics of Latvian gardens and landscapes.

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Most Common Tall Trees

Nestled in the temperate zone, Latvia's diverse landscapes from fertile plains to verdant forests, coupled with its humid continental climate, offer an optimal sanctuary for majestic trees to thrive. Among the towering species, stands sentinel, rich in ecological significance. Similarly, the lofty heights of are a testament to the region's arboreal grandeur, while , with its historical roots, punctuates the Latvian skyline, evoking awe and reverence for these natural giants.

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Most Common Plants

In Latvia, you can find English ivy, Greater celandine, Common yarrow, Bird cherry, European spindletree, and more! There are 1,181 types of plants in total. Be sure to look out for these common plants when you’re walking on the streets, in parks, or public gardens.

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