Top 20 Most Common Flowering Plants in Latvia

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Top 20 Most Common Flowering Plants in Latvia

The climate and soil of Latvia provide a conducive environment for the growth of native flowers. Among these blossoms, Greater celandine, Common yarrow, and Common daisy flourish beautifully. These flowers hold great significance in the region, whether it be their visual beauty, symbolic representation, or ecological importance. Precise and trustworthy sources validate the information shared about these characteristic flowers of Latvia.

Most Common Flower Plants

Greater celandine

1. Greater celandine

Greater celandine (Chelidonium majus) is a plant species with distinctive golden-yellow flowers. It has been cultivated since the era of Pliny the Elder, in the first century. The greater celandine is actually a part of the poppy family, and like other species in that genetic family, it is well known for its recognizable, bright blooms. The yellow latex inside is equally recognizable, but is highly toxic if consumed.

Late spring, Summer

Common yarrow

2. Common yarrow

Common yarrow is a wildflower that has feathery leaves and flowers in white, yellow or pink. In China, the plant is considered to be good luck while for some time in Scotland it was believed to have magical properties. It has been brewed into beer, tea, and liquors, but it has low toxicity. Do not consume in large quantities. Common yarrow's bitter leaves are toxic to pets and horses. Other livestock can eat it, though it gives cow milk an unpleasant flavor.

Late spring, Summer

Bird cherry

Bird cherry (Prunus padus) is a small deciduous cherry tree in the subgenus Padus. This species is native to Europe, where it is also known as the Mayday tree because of its historical importance in spring (May Day) festivals. The bird cherry is pollinated by bees and flies. The leaves, stems, and fruits of this species can be toxic to some mammals. In the past, the bark of this tree was traditionally placed near doorways as a spiritual gesture to ward off the plague.

Spring, Early summer

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Common daisy

4. Common daisy

The common daisy produces iconic flowers that are seen in European and American folklore dating back centuries. It is often a representation of childlike innocence. The plant is edible and can be used in small quantities in salads, sandwiches, soups, or tea. However, it can also become toxic and cause digestive problems if eaten in quantity.

Spring, Early summer, Mid summer

American Cranberry Bush

5. American Cranberry Bush

The guelder-rose (*Viburnum opulus*) is a large deciduous shrub famous for its bushy appearance, snowball-shaped flowers, and clusters of bright red berries. Its fruits are very acidic, so they are usually relegated to jams. Due to the low toxicity of the fruit, large amounts of consumption may cause discomfort. The guelder-rose is one of american Cranberry Bush's national symbols and the main theme of the famous Russian song "Kalinka".

Late spring, Early summer, Mid summer

Scotch heather

6. Scotch heather

Scotch heather (Calluna vulgaris) is an evergreen flowering shrub that produces hundreds of rose-pink to purplish-pink, bell-shaped flowers that bloom in late summer. Relatively low maintenance, it is perfect in rock gardens or used as a border or ground cover. It prefers acidic soil and will grow from 30 to 61 cm in full sun to partial shade.

Mid summer, Late summer, Early fall, Mid fall

Himalayan balsam

7. Himalayan balsam

Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera) is a flowering annual plant found natively in the Himalayan mountains. It is an attractive ornamental plant but has become an invasive species in North America due to humans transiting. In order to remove the invasive species, the plant must be cut out by its roots.

Late spring, Summer, Fall

Purple loosestrife

8. Purple loosestrife

Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) is found in Eurasia, Africa, and Australia. It attracts bees and butterflies as well as the loosestrife beetle which specifically targets the leaves of this plant. In some regions, the fast-growing purple loosestrife has become an invasive species that can outcompete native species.

Viper's bugloss

9. Viper's bugloss

Viper's bugloss (Echium vulgare) is a member of the borage family and attracts honeybees. Once established, this pretty blue wildflower is easy to grow. However, it can become invasive. This species has a deep taproot which makes it difficult to transplant and difficult to eradicate.

Coltsfoot

Coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara) is a weedy member of the daisy family that has been historically used by indigenous peoples. It forms expansive root systems, making an infestation very hard to eradicate. Coltsfoot is different among plants in that its above-ground shoots produce flowers before growing leaves.

European mountain-ash

11. European mountain-ash

Sorbus aucuparia, also known as european mountain-ash, is a deciduous tree native to Europe. It grows a slim trunk with upward-curving branches as it matures. Its admirable upright and dense branching gives the plant an oval crown. The juicy and soft clustered fruits are an excellent source of food for birds, while its yellow to plum foliage adds to its overall aesthetic appeal.

Florist kalanchoe

12. Florist kalanchoe

Florist kalanchoe (Kalanchoe blossfeldiana) originates from Madagascar and has been a popular houseplant since the 1930s. Unlike most other succulents that are grown for their interesting leaves, Kalanchoe blossfeldiana is valued for the colorful flowerheads it produces in autumn and winter. This is the reason it is commonly gifted during holidays, earning it another name - Christmas kalanchoe. It is toxic to pets.

Spring, Late fall, Winter

Common chicory

13. Common chicory

Common chicory is used in a variety of culinary applications around the world, most commonly with coffee. It is occasionally also added during the beer-brewing process to inject a coffee-like flavor. The leaves can be boiled or eaten raw in salad or with pasta. Common chicory is also a simple livestock fodder. In European folklore, the small blue flowers could be used to magically open locked doors.

Mid summer, Late summer, Fall

Ground elder

14. Ground elder

Aegopodium podagraria, commonly known as ground elder, is a herbaceous perennial native to Eurasia. Origin of its common name lies in the shape of its leaves and flowers, somewhat similar to elderberry. Ground elder is often cultivated as an ornamental plant. Due to its fast spread via rhizomes, it is considered an invasive species in certain countries.

Garden cosmos

15. Garden cosmos

Garden cosmos (Cosmos bipinnatus) is a herbaceous annual plant often cultivated as an ornamental in temperate regions. Due to its self-sowing ability, garden cosmos can grow on the same spot for several years, even though it is an annual. Not surprisingly, this quality also made it an invasive species in certain areas of the world.

Mid summer, Late summer, Fall, Early winter

Bouncing-bet

16. Bouncing-bet

Bouncing-bet (Saponaria officinalis) is a common North American perennial plant also called soapwart, crow soap, and soapweed. Saponaria officinalis means "soap" because this plant is utilized for cleaning and lathers when in contact with water. If ingested in high amounts, it is toxic and can cause nausea and digestive distress.

Germander speedwell

17. Germander speedwell

Germander speedwell (*Veronica chamaedrys*) is also known as cat’s eyes because the center of each flower resembles the iridescent eye of a cat. This herbaceous perennial is a hardy weed that invades lawns and turf. The pretty blue flowers of the germander speedwell wilt quickly when picked. Nevertheless, it was once considered good luck for travelers to wear them on their coats.

Mid spring, Late spring, Early summer, Mid summer

Butter-and-eggs

18. Butter-and-eggs

Butter-and-eggs (Linaria vulgaris) is a flowering toadflax species native to Europe and Central Asia. The plant gets its unusual nickname from the yellow color of its flowers. The butter-and-eggs is mildly toxic for livestock to consume. Because of the curved, semi-closed shape of its flowers, it needs strong pollinators like bumblebees.

Summer, Early fall, Mid fall

Common lilac

19. Common lilac

Common lilac is a shrub native to the Balkan Peninsula that blooms with a fragrant blossom. It grows on rocky terrain and has a suckering habit. The blossoms are used to flavor honey, sugars, food, and other delights and farmed for its fragrant flowers in the spring.

Mid spring, Late spring, Early summer

Common tansy

20. Common tansy

Common tansy (Tanacetum vulgare) is a plant native to Europe and Asia. The common tansy has been introduced in other global regions and is sometimes considered to be an invasive species. The common tansy can be used as a substitute for sage.

Late spring, Summer, Fall

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Most Common Toxic Plants

Latvia's temperate climate with its humid summers and cold winters creates a hospitable environment for a variety of flora, including toxic species. Precipitation and rich soil types contribute to the proliferation of naturally poisonous plants across the region. Among these, , , and are especially prominent, posing potential risks to humans and livestock, and reflecting the need for caution and awareness in local agricultural and recreational activities.

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Most Common Flowers of Spring

As the Latvian landscape thaws, Spring breathes life into a mosaic of burgeoning flora. Among the kaleidoscope of renewal, , , and are iconic heralds of the season. Their blossoming not only adds vibrant hues and fragrances to the awakening earth but also symbolizes the nation's enduring love for natural beauty and the cycle of rebirth. These flowers are quintessential to the Spring tapestry in Latvia, drawing admirers and pollinators alike.

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Most Common Spring Fruits

Amidst Latvia's awakening, where frosted landscapes yield to verdant hues and longer days, spring cradles the rebirth of nature. As soils warm, , , and begin to burgeon, promising the season’s first taste of freshness. These fruit plants, cherished for their crisp flavors, are emblematic of the region's Spring vitality, becoming ripe for locals and bees to relish under the soft Baltic sun.

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Most Common Fruits

Latvia's temperate climate, with its cold winters and mild summers, alongside fertile and well-drained soils, provide a strong foundation for the cultivation of local fruit plants. Significant among these are , , and , which are not only staples in Latvian diets but also carry cultural significance. These plants thrive in Latvia's specific climatic conditions and contribute to the country's agricultural heritage and economy.

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Most Common Trees

Latvia, known for its diverse environmental conditions, provides an ideal habitat for native trees. With its temperate climate and fertile soils, it nurtures the growth of several emblematic species, including , , and . These trees hold great significance in the local culture and play a vital ecological role in maintaining the region's biodiversity. Their resilience and adaptability highlight their importance in the Latvian landscape.

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Most Common Weeds

Latvia, with its temperate climate featuring cold winters and mild summers, creates an inviting habitat for a variety of garden weeds. Prolifically sprouting in local gardens, , , and are among the most common invaders. Their prevalence challenges gardeners who strive to maintain cultivars without the nuisance of these persistent botanical interlopers. Effective weed management is key to preserving the health and aesthetics of Latvian gardens and landscapes.

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Most Common Tall Trees

Nestled in the temperate zone, Latvia's diverse landscapes from fertile plains to verdant forests, coupled with its humid continental climate, offer an optimal sanctuary for majestic trees to thrive. Among the towering species, stands sentinel, rich in ecological significance. Similarly, the lofty heights of are a testament to the region's arboreal grandeur, while , with its historical roots, punctuates the Latvian skyline, evoking awe and reverence for these natural giants.

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Most Common Flowers of Winter

Winter in Latvia is a frosty and serene season, but it is also home to several beautiful flowers that brave the cold. Among these are , , and , which showcase a remarkable resilience and beauty despite the harsh conditions. These winter blooms not only add color and cheer to the snowy landscape but also hold symbolic significance, representing endurance and hope.

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Most Common Plants

In Latvia, you can find Greater celandine, Common yarrow, European spindletree, Bird cherry, Common daisy, and more! There are 50 types of plants in total. Be sure to look out for these common plants when you’re walking on the streets, in parks, or public gardens.

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